Changes in the Middle East After the World War I

What important contribution or contributions did this scholar make to Essay

What significant commitment or commitments did this researcher make to the field of scriptural examinations - Essay Example The articles interconnect with fanciful books, antiquated and current mediators work, medieval work that established the framework for cutting edge belief systems, strategies just as developments that are key for scriptural examinations. The author has limited adjustment of the first data however much as could be expected to keep up the realness of t6hje data in the book of scriptures. In any case, there has been expansion of data to little degree which go past minor revisions. In this unique situation, it has been seen that the book of Esther has extra content that includes around nine sentences. These have framed the reason for the ongoing investigations did on the book of Esther. Moreover, the Song of Songs for example, has thirty extra things to the list of sources causing some minor contrasts in the forthcoming books and present day translations. In this way the author has established a decent framework to advanced scriptural examinations and translations. it has been noticed th at the Deutronomical books in the old Testament has extra entrancing points that attention on singular mediators, current methodologies just as religious themes that give huge motivation. This has been founded on the articles composed or excerpted from the Dictionary of understandings by John H. Hayes. Most scriptural translators and authors underscore and concentrate on data acquired over the most recent two centuries. This denotes a binding together factor towards the best translators. Nonetheless, a few translators partition their exploration and work to the various classifications, in particular: Early understanding, which tends to the old Biblical data and how they framed reason for ensuing work. The subsequent classification is the early middle age. This follows the early middle age and gets intensely from the prior form. Thirdly, there is the twelfth century translation which established the framework for different understandings. Others are The academic time frame, the early current time frame and

Histrionic Personality Disorder Symptoms and Treatment

Histrionic Personality Disorder Symptoms and Treatment Theories Personality Psychology Print Histrionic Personality Disorder Symptoms and Treatment By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 25, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD on November 25, 2019 Francois De Heel/Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Histrionic personality disorder affects approximately 3.8 million (1.8 percent) adults in the United States. The disorder is characterized by shallow emotions, attention-seeking, and manipulative behavior.?? According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, an estimated 30.8 million American adults experience symptoms of at least one personality disorder.??   A personality disorder is a type of mental disorder in which you have a rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, functioning and behaving.?? A person with a personality disorder has trouble perceiving and relating to situations and to people. This causes significant problems and limitations in relationships, social encounters, work, and school. In some cases, you may not realize that you have a personality disorder because your way of thinking and behaving seems natural to you. And you may blame others for the challenges you face. Personality disorders usually begin in the teenage years or early adulthood. There are many types of personality disorders. Some types may become less obvious throughout middle age. Causes Personality is a combination of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that makes you unique. Its the way you view, understand and relate to the outside world, as well as how you see yourself. Personality forms during childhood, shaped through an interaction of two factors:?? Your Genes:  Certain personality traits may be passed on to you by your parents through inherited genes. These traits are sometimes called your temperament.Your Environment:  This involves the surroundings you grew up in, events that occurred, and relationships with family members and others. Personality disorders are thought to be caused by a combination of these genetic and environmental influences. Your genes may make you vulnerable to developing a personality disorder, and a life situation may trigger the actual development. Although the precise cause of personality disorders isnt known, certain factors seem to increase the risk of developing or triggering personality disorders, including:?? Family history of personality disorders or other mental illnessLow level of education and lower social and economic statusVerbal, physical or sexual abuse during childhoodNeglect or unstable chaotic family life during childhoodBeing diagnosed with childhood conduct disorderVariations in brain chemistry and structure Symptoms   Individuals with histrionic personality disorder:?? Display excessive but shallow emotions and attention-seeking behaviors. These individuals are constantly “performing” in order to gain attention.Experience fleeting moods, opinions, and beliefs. They are also very suggestible and quick to respond to fads.Generally, need others to witness their emotional displays in order to gain validation or attention.Often display exaggerated symptoms of weakness or illness and may use threats of suicide to manipulate others. Also, many people with histrionic personality disorder use sexually provocative behaviors to control others or gain attention. Treatments Individuals suffering from histrionic personality disorder are often difficult to treat. They often seek treatment only when the disorder is causing major problems or stress.Psychotherapy can be effective. Group therapy is not recommended since the individual tries to seek attention from group members and exaggerates symptoms.?? The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 1849 Words

â€Å"The biggest killer on the planet is stress and I still think the best medicine is and always has been cannabis† (Willie Nelson). Throughout the years, marijuana became widely used by various cultures as a remedy for a number of medical reasons. As a pro-active supporter for the legalization of medical marijuana, this paper will explore the controversies surrounding the authorization of marijuana as a legitimate medication, the drug’s effectiveness for relieving certain health issues, and the testing of the drug for safe public use. Future legalization of marijuana strictly leans on the findings of government conducted, experimental testing in order to secure the future use of marijuana for medicinal use. To begin with, the controversy†¦show more content†¦Consequently, the argument between government and health care providers allowing physicians to prescribe marijuana as a valid treatment is a topic surrounded by countless controversies. There is a large number of health care representatives that signify a patient’s right to all beneficial treatments and that to withhold the treatment violates their basic human entitlements. With that being said, many believe that people should receive the most efficient and effective treatment necessary to maintain one’s well-being. In the same way, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration plays a crucial role in the legalization of cannabis; from approval status to the testing of the drug. Namely, the FDA is not the only government organization designed for the experimental testing of the drug. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information, â€Å"Cannabis has been used for medical purposes for the millennia, said to first be noted by the Chinese in c.2737 BCE. Medical cannabis arrived in the United States much later† (NCBI-PubMed). Accordingly, marijuana seems to be a long-lasting form of medicine. Presently, â€Å"the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not a pproved a marketing application for marijuana for any indication† (FDA). While the FDA remains a major contributor in the analysis of medical marijuana; they also depend on an organization called the National Institute on

The Performance Of Classical Music - 1749 Words

Classical music has been played in many different venues, with many different instruments, in many different time periods so it is very interesting to compare all of the performances. The performance I went was definitely very different from how the music would’ve been played when the composers first wrote them. The 200-year difference allows me to explore all of the unique aspects that both the first performance and my current performance added to the experience that classical music concerts. Although concerts of the 1800s and 2000s differ because of venue, musician popularity, and finances, they have similarities in style, audience reaction and musician interpretation. The concert I went to was part of a non-profit organization called†¦show more content†¦When looking through many different volumes of the publication The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular I was able to read about the most recent concerts that happened within the month that the journal came out.5 Composers who were around during that time had some of their first performances of pieces published as well as people like Mozart and Beethoven were having their pieces played by famous musicians of the time.15 Classical music was the most popular played back then so they did not need a non-profit organization to start a concert series to expose people to the music instead they needed a journal to inform the public when the shows and write reviews for all the new music being played. In the nineteenth century, composers and musicians were treated like the pop stars of the twenty-first century are treated today. They only play at large venues with many people watching and they get the VIP treatment before after and during their performance.4 Sadly, however, the venue I went to and the way the musicians were treated was much more casual it can almost be compared to the open mic night of today. The venue was a small church and there were only two musicians, a cellist and a pianist. People were able to sit right next to the cellist since his seat was in the middle of the isle. After the show, they were able to interact with the guests who came to the

Infiniti car Free Essays

Luxury car is a vehicle that provides luxury where It means by a higher quality equipment with better performance, it’s provide: a good quality, comfort, higher design, the technologically Innovative modern, and not only that but the luxury car have a features that convey an image, brand or status. Luxury car is already around the world and in the Australia as well. The sales of the Australia was rise like in one of article in Australia : Sydney Morning Herald that talk about the sales car in Australia was rise and increased by 7 per cent in the first four months in 2003 and he industry Is predicting that a record-beating tally of compared with the same period last year and the Industry Is predicting that a record-beating tally of 850,000 vehicles will be sold In 2003. We will write a custom essay sample on Infiniti car or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then there was four famous luxury car that sold In Australia’s market: Holder, Ford, Toyota and Amateurish. Then more than 320 models are sold through 50 brands (Dowling, 2003). So it means that the sales of the luxury car in Australia was good, and to make the market more grow that help the Australia economy, that have a new brand car. Infinite is a new car company to the Australian luxury automobile segment. We want to focus the Infinite car to the specific demographic In Sydney. The method we use It by exploratory research. Because It focusing on new ideas and find potential market opportunities. The focus target market is business people that have income more than $ 100. ASK The method of exploratory research are as follows: The primary data: we can collect by questionnaire filled by getting some questionnaire filled by customers and sometimes the exploratory research are usually based on secondary data consists books and website. The marketing concept The concept of the marketing research is related with the whole of the organization would be driven by a constant concern for its custo mer to search the potential customer and related it with our organization, particular needs of the customer, then coordinate all of activities that can affect to the customer. Wilson, 2010) For the marketing concept, we can use the concept method by research analysis: 1 . Formulation the problem understand our focus target where the Infinitely Is a new car company that soul not so popular. Not all people know about that yet so we must understand the full impact and implication of the luxury car industry. 2. Collection the data We can do by questionnaire that can be is reliance on verbal questions, written, or oral. For example we can do the questionnaire by taking the collect data with 40 respondents who can filled the questionnaires and give the required necessary Information. The respondents all business people that can be working In the office, own organization, company. 3. Making sampling plan We can describe the character of the group people that we focus on. Where the demographic information is age around more than 25 years old, and can be woman or man. The sample size we can make it 40 where we want to do how many that we deed It, than the area of our sample is Sydney, Australia. Then our sample technique Is a group of subjects (sample) chosen from a large group (a population). 4. Research The research is Sydney The respondent for our information Frequency of usage in the question we ask for highly consumed brand Management problem Infinite needs to discuss the internal problem with their staffs as this will leads to the development of a marketing research question. However, infinite needs to create customer profile, industry profile, understanding of buyer behavior, and to test advertising concept for its next advertising campaign. It’s related it with the marketing research question. Once a management problem translated into a research problem, then you can find a solution. In this case, Infinite is a new car company, and not everyone knows about this company. They might experience the problems with their sales revenue, therefore Infinite needs to examine expectations and experiences of several groups such as potential customers, first time buyers and repeat purchases. Infinite need to determine lack of sales due to: Poor expectations that lead to lack of desire to buy because customers were not satisfied with the reduce, so they decided to not purchasing it anymore. Poor performance experience ( not meeting expectations and value of money that customers pay for Infinite car) The strategic marketing problem-based data and the testing of alternative solutions with : 1. Identify problem or opportunity The Infinite is a new car company. Not many people know about the car company yet so it will be many threat from other competitors for example that the luxury car from an old company that the brand already famous. We can identify by: Strength : it’s a new company so it might be many people want to know about the new car so they ill be try to get the information and search it Weakness : because a new company so there still not many people know about the new car Opportunity : new company so it have many potential to reach the market because people like something new. Threats : other competitor or other brand that it’s already famous. 2. Determine research design and collection forms Infinite can conduct surveys, by giving questionnaire or conducting focus group for measuring the performance standards and expectations seeks by customers, to increase their sales and customer loyalty. 3. Design sample Because this is new company, therefore Infinite should not only conducting research for the potential customers and target market, but also they need to research about the design that they are going to use or put into the car. . Collect data With secondary data where the information that has been gathered before for some purpose like internal data (available within organization) and external data (outside organization) Primary data frequently collected through questionnaire but also can be gathered through observation and qualitative research. 5. Analyses and interpret data The data of Infinity must be prepared for data analysis using several st eps such as collecting, coding and tabulation. 6. Prepared and present research report Research report is actual document submitted to client or management summarizing results and conclusions Quantitative ad qualitative The qualitative data is data that based on quality or qualities data that have a quantitative data is do in small number of participants by focus group or interview. For example : 1. What is your reason to buy the luxury car? 2. How you find the luxury car information? 3. What are you looking when you decided to buy the luxury cat that you want? The quantitative data is prefer to data that concerned with quantifying where it means that measuring and counting. Which we can subscribes to a particular empirical approach to knowledge, believing that measuring accurately enough we can make claims to the object study (Alex, 2013). The quantitative data we can do by questionnaire. For example : 1 . What age that more like to buy the luxury car ? Age No of respondents 25 – 35 20 36 – 45 11 46 – 55 5 56 and more 4 Total We can see that the respondent is more in the age around 25 – 35 for buying luxury car. 2. The preference to buy a luxury car Answers Price Quality 15 Availability 6 Involvement Recommendation 3 Most of the respondent is more prefer the quality to buy the luxury car 3. Why people want to buy a luxury car Value 8 Flaunt Value Interested in Art 7 Exclusivity 10 The respondents prefer to buy luxury car because they want to flaunt their superiority over others. 4. What is the type of Jobs that most people buy the luxury car ? Type of Jobs Businessman Office work Government employees 12 Most of the people buy the luxury car is people are working in type of Jobs is businessman. 5. What is the source of information to get to know the luxury cars? Sources No of responders Television Newspaper Website Product demos We can see most of the respondent are like to use the source by television to get interest with the luxury car that make them want to get the information about the car. Marketing research with the management decisions The management decisions are related it with the marketing research that we do. So first we must know what the problem when we want to make one decisions on our ask how to advertised the product Should it advertised by website, magazine or other source for advertising How was the cost and the budget for our new product company What price we should decided that with our product and in customer side So the research would feed the information back to management so the management can work it out if the potential take up and the price would ensure profitability. (Sara, 2011) Reference : Alex. (2013). Types of Research : Quantitative vs. Qualitative. Wordless . Dowling, J. (2003). Luxury car sales rocketing; there must be a war on. Sydney Morning Herald . Sara. (2011). Differences between management decisions problem and marketing research problem? . Business and finance . Wilson, A. M. (2010). Marketing research : an integrated approach. Australia: Pearson Australia. How to cite Infiniti car, Papers

Literature review on Language Use

Literature Review In academic arena, English plays a very crucial role especially in institutions whereby it has been used for infinitely long period of time as a medium of instruction. Students are expected to not only communicate effectively in English language. They are also supposed to master its extensive usage so that they can be able to grasp full content in their various fields of study. According to Bacha and Bahous (2008), there is no possibility of excelling in institutions which use English as medium of communication.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literature review on Language Use specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, tremendous effort geared towards learning English language both from the teacher and learner levels is relevant in order to help students overcome academic demands so as to excel in their respective disciplines. Additionally, the acquired skills will assist students in meeting th e demands of English language use in a professional context (Bacha Bahous, 2008). Ismail (2011) explicates that the academic context consign strenuous demands on students as they are required to complete numerous writing tasks in different genres such as essays, research papers and critical reviews. On the other hand, for learners to be able to decipher the different structure and language forms that are most suited for diverse form of texts, they ought to focus on learning the rules of the language that is being used for instruction. Furthermore, in his study on students’ perceptions on writing in ESL, Ismail found out that English plays vital role in initiating students to the wider academic community owing to their improved proficiency and also due to their ability to make distinctions between language activities used in specific genres. Further exploration of students’ perceptions indicated that the kind of attitudes that students held towards ESL either hindered or promoted their writing ability. On the same note, Bacha (2002) underscores that English has been elevated to a higher status around the world owing to the fact that it is the preferred language of use for various specific purposes. Needless to say, English is a preferred medium of instruction in many academic institutions across the globe bearing in mind that even the non-English speaking countries have adopted English in their academic curriculum. For this reason, English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in Arab world as well as from other parts of the globe have little alternative but to learn English despite the difficulties they encounter in the course of learning. In spite of the fact that L1 (Arabic) has a role to play in students life, it is imperative to mention that English for academic purposes is very crucial not just to outshine in academic field, but also to fit in the global arena whereby it is the main language of communication. Concurrently, this current resea rch offers an in-depth exploration on the use of English for purpose of academic learning and of course the acquisition of knowledge. In addition, it also highlights the difficulties Arabic speakers encounter in the course of switching between Arabic for social use and English for academic purposes.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Scholars interested in English for specific purposes (ESP) discipline tend to prefer the usage of two distinct subdivisions to distinguish between the use of English in academic (English for academic purposes (EAP) and the language use in occupational contexts (English for occupational purposes (EOP) (Gillett Wray, 2006). Besides, Gillett and Wray accentuate that the aspiration of ESP is to equip students with the necessary skills to communicate, write and read. Notwithstanding, the period of preparation is very short, but the skills are relevant to promote success in academics. However, success in mastery of ESP is only achieved if activities of ESP are demonstrated in the context as it is the case in academic institutions. Moreover, the materials for teaching ESP ought to be authentic to enable students to grasp vital skills for a smooth transition into the employment world. Similarly, Fender (2008) in his research unearthed several characteristics of ESP which includes ESP materials that are designed to meet specific learners’ needs such as academic. Conversely, the methodology for designing such materials is tailored towards the specialized purpose. Needless to say, the aim of EPS should be focused, not just on teaching the lexicon, grammar and registers in a particular discipline, but should also provide skills on the appropriate use of the above activities. English for Occupational Purposes (EOP) In yet another development of this language, EOP falls under three categories namely business English, professional English and vocational English. The importance of English in occupational fields has been accentuated via several studies. One such study is by Fender (2008) that emphasized the necessity for learning above average English skills to facilitate communication in every profession. Furthermore, the two aforementioned authors provide indisputable solutions that ESL students can employ to overcome communication barriers in their respective business and management professions. Likewise, Gilmore (2009) points out that many students find it extremely challenging to produce written texts in their language and the challenges worsens when they are required to write in a second language and specifically to EFL learners. He adds that the widely usage of English language in business and academic environment can be directly linked to the gradual revolution heightened by globalization. As a matter of fact, Huang (2008) study supported Gilmore observation by accentuating that the spread of English usage is like ly to be accelerated by its’ widespread usage in mass communication, internet and business dealings. He further emphasizes that on a day to day basis, thousands of deals in trade, journalism, politics etc are conducted in English whereas the parties involved are non-native speakers of English. As a result, the necessity to equip the users with the relevant English competence skills cannot be overemphasized of which this is the main concern of the current study.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literature review on Language Use specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, Huang study revealed that test scores for tasks written in English varied between the ESL learners and native speakers of English, whereby native speakers scores higher than ESL learners. Huang attributed these findings to the fact that ESL learners’ performance was limited for reasons not explained in his study. However, his find ings positively indicate the concept of using ESP in academics poses tremendous hardship to ESL students. Moreover, Puvenesvary (2003) research revealed that poorly-written business letters caused grievous harm to a business. His study which was conducted in the banking sector in Malasyia further portrays that ESP is a valuable skill not just in academics but also in professional arena. Challenges in reading and speaking in ESP for academic learners Research among Arab students has indicated that they face similar or more adverse challenges while reading and speaking in ESP. Obviously, in academic institutions, students are expected to communicate with their fellow learners as well as participate in both oral and reading classroom presentations. Similarly, they are also expected to have above average reading skills to enhance performance in academic tasks. However, most ESP learners posses below average skills in reading and speaking as cited by Jdetawy (2011). The aim of his resear ch was to conduct a conceptual review of challenges faced by Arab learners while using ESP in academic setting. A thorough review of literature exposes the reality that Arab ESL students faced serious problems while using ESP in academics and the problems impacted on all areas of language skills, i.e. speaking, reading, writing and listening (Jdetawy, 2011). The above current study concurs with a prior study by Savas (2009). Although Savas’ study aimed at unearthing learners’ challenges as perceived by their teachers, the two studies arrived at similar findings. Savas (2009) highlights that L2 learners of English face serious challenges while using ESP in accomplishing academic tasks such as writing, speaking, reading and listening. Interesting though, this study partly blame inadequacy of teaching methods as having contributed to the acquisition of below average linguistic skills in English. Problems faced by Arabic speakers in ESL learning for academic purposes On th e same note, learners of L2 face many problems and Arab learners are no exception. Needless to say, these problems have caught the interest of various linguistic scholars due to their regular occurrences in both written and spoken English. As a result, numerous studies (Hisham, 2008; Rababbah, 2003; Kobayashi Rinnert, 2002) have been carried out to investigate some of the common and chronic problems faced by Arab learners in the process of acquiring L2 (English). To expound on the same, Kobayashi and Rinnert (2002) study attempted to investigate the effects of extensive and intensive L1 training in high school and how students transferred L1 knowledge while writing in L2. The study indicated that students tended to transfer knowledge in L1 to L2 and as a result committed weighty lexical errors during the writing process. However, errors in writing could be minimized if the students acquired the best writing strategy in L1 as they could transfer the same skills L2.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, Kobayashi and Rinnert explanation ignores the fact that most of the errors of writing in L2 arise not because of the acquired writing strategies, but also because the mastery of L2 is restricted. Rababah (2003) extended his study further to identify the various reasons that could be attributed to these EFL learning problems. First of all, he identified that the problems of EFL among Arab learners arose because English language teachers were native speakers of Arabic; hence their performance and competence in English was likely to be restricted. In addition, use of English was not a common experience among Arab speakers bearing in mind that they also had little interaction with native English speakers. Consequently, Hisham (2008) investigated business students at the University of Utara Malaysia and pointed out that EFL learner encounter problems in vocabulary register, grammar and referencing. As a matter of fact, Umair (2011) reinforces the above discourse by res tating that Arabic native speakers encountered many problems while undertaking writing courses in English. In deed, the composition of learners in academic institution is very diverse and as well their multilevel ability in writing also varied. As a result, the lack of uniformity further accelerated the problems of competent writing for both teachers and students (ibid). Umair further explains that the diversified composition of learners in terms of abilities made it impossible for teachers to meet the needs of every learner. Additionally, Bacha (2002) reviewed past literature that is highly relevant to the current study owing to the fact that it identified the major problems that L2 learners encountered while writing for academic purposes. Moreover, the study pointed out that writing skills among L2 learners were restricted following their limitation of lexical variety and lack of subordination elements. Consequently, the importance of employing the appropriate methodology while te aching ESP cannot be overstated. Having established that there are various and grievous problems in ESL learning, L2 practitioners have been a search of comprehensive theory that would be employed to teach L2 in an attempt to minimize or eliminate problems that originated from poor teaching methodologies. As a result three major theories have been proposed which can be employed to guide learners in the process of writing in order to promote mastery of skills among ESP learners for academic purposes. Integral theories applied in the teaching of ESP One of the most important theories is that which touches on rhetorical drills and syntax. It is referred to as product theory and they are all important in assisting the process of writing (Badger White, 2000). As the name suggests, this theory is concerned with the final written product and eschews from establishing how the writing skills are acquired. Badger and White also exemplifies that the written product is a clear indicator of the level of structure skills of the target language (TL) that the learner have mastered. Moreover, the written product indicates the level of imitated input since L2 learning is a matter of imitation. Badger and White also explains that if students are exposed to written model texts their level of errors is likely to subside and vice versa. This is because as students focus on model texts they also focus on form and structure out of which they imitate the ideal writing skills. In addition, the students should be exposed to various exercises based on the model texts, and concurrently their level of mastered should be evaluated based on replicated product. On the contrary, process theory approach focuses on the identification of procedure employed to arrive at the final written text without any consideration of the appearance of this final product (Hyland, 2003). This indicates that this theory is more concerned with teaching methods that learner of ESP is exposed to so as to acquire wr iting skills in the target language. The author expounds that the various elements in the learning of English language such as drafting, actual writing carrying out revision as well as assessment and evaluation are all related to the theory. Henceforth, instructors are supposed to introduce the students to techniques that enhance success in writing. Therefore, students are taken through rewriting, revision and editing until the instructor is satisfied with the final draft. On the same note, it important to acknowledge a more recent research that sought to highlight the meta-cognitive strategic that Arab students employed while reading comprehension both in Arabic and English that was doe by Alsheikh and Mokhtari (2011). The study indicates serious implications for teaching and assessment on academic institutions since the researchers established that participants were more concerned with strategies than end products. Therefore, the study further reinforces the process theory that st rategy or mechanisms employed in teaching writing determines the quality of end-product. Finally, genre theory approach was proposed in an attempt to provide mechanisms to promote successful learning of ESP in the academic arena especially in writing. According to Badger and White (2000), this approach largely deals with studying the social context in which writing materials are produced. Generally, this theory considers the communicative events where written materials are produced. In the academic context, the process whereby a lecturer interacts with his/her students in the process of teaching is considered to be relevant while teaching writing skills in target language. Flowerdew and Peacock (2001) also explained that in this context, students are free to choose their own topic and write on them, while ensuring that their written texts fulfill the intended communicative purpose. Concurrently, Flowerdew and Peacock (2001) perceive this approach as the most significant due to its d ynamic nature as well as varied characteristics across disciplines, time and instructors. However, the approach might not be successful since it requires collaboration between lecturers and students, a situation which may sometimes be unattainable. In this case, the teacher assumes an authoritative position as he/she guides learners towards an elevated performance level of ESP (Paltridge, 2001). References Alsheikh, N.O. Mokhtari, K. (2011). An Examination of the Metacognitive Reading Strategies Used by Native Speakers of Arabic When Reading in English and Arabic. English Language Teaching, 4(2), 151-161. Bacha, N.N. (2002). Developing Learners’ Academic Writing Skills in Higher Education: A Study for Educational Reform. Language and Education, 16(3): 161-178. Bacha, N.N., Bahous, R. (2008). Contrasting views of business students’ writing needs in an EFL environment. English for Specific Purposes 27, 74-93. Badger, R. G. White. (2000). A process-genre approach to te aching writing. ELT Journal 54(2), 153-160. Fender, M. 2008. Spelling knowledge and reading development: Insights from Arab ESL learners, Reading in a foreign language, 20(2), 19-26. Flowerdew, J. Peacock, M. (Eds.) (2001). Research Perspectives on English for Academic Purposes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gillett, A Wray, L. (2006). ‘EAP and Success’ in Assessing the Effectiveness of EAP Programmes, BALEAP. Gilmore, A. (2009). Using online corpora to develop students’ writing skills. ELT Journal, 63(4), 363-372. Hisham, D. (2008). Needs Analysis of Arab graduate students in the area of EAP: A case study of the ICT program at UUM. Unpublished minor thesis. Sintok: University Utara Malaysia Press. Huang, J. (2008).How Accurate are ESL students’ holistic writing scores on large-scale assessments? A generalizability theory approach. Assessing Writing, 13(3), 201- 218. Hyland, K. (2003). Genre-based pedagogies: A social response to process. Journ al of Second Language Writing, 12: 17-29. Ismail, S. A. A. (2011). Exploring Students’ Perceptions of ESL Writing. English Language Teaching, 4(2): 73-84. Jdetawy, L. F. A. (2011). Problems encountered by Arab EFL learners. Language in India, 11(3), 19-28. Kobayash, H. Rinnert, C. (2002). High school perceptions of first language literacy instruction: Implications for second language writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 11(2), 91-116 Paltridge, B. (2001). Genre, text type and the English for Academic Purposes (EAP) classroom. In A. M. Johns (Ed.), Genre in the Classroom. Mahwah: Erlbaum. Puvenesvary, M. (2003). A comparative study of the criteria employed by academics and workplace professionals in evaluating business correspondence. Unpublished Doctor of Philosophy, Thesis, Department of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Rabab’ah, G. (2003). Communicating Problems Facing Arab Learners of English. Journal o f Language and Learning 3(1), 180-197. Savas, B. (2009). Role of Functional Academic Literacy In ESP teaching: ESP Teacher Training in Turkey for sustainable development. Journal of International Social research, 2(9), 396-408. Umair, N. (2011). Problems of Multi-ability Academic English Writing Classes in Arab Countries. Arab World English Journal, 2(2), 230-242. This essay on Literature review on Language Use was written and submitted by user Damian Houston to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.