Little Women Essay -- essays research papers

Little Women, Louisa May AlcottBook Theme In the arduous journey from childhood to adulthood, a young muliebrity is faced with two things that need great attention and balance - the progress of her individual social standing, and the welfare of her immediate family.Main Conflict The book does non really follow the traditional single plot line characteristic of many stories (especially during the time it was written). Alcott illustrated the roads the four March girls Amy, Beth, Jo, and Meg take in their lives as they become young women. The storyline includes many mini-conflicts, such as Jos writing, or Beths illness, or Lauries inclination to love Jo despite Amys affections. Generally speaking, the one overlying conflict stands as the girls growth - the journey they took, and the intermediate obstacles they conquered to get to where they were.The Plot The girls resolve to focus not on themselves, but on their immediate familys needs, much thanks to an inspirational letter from Mr. March during the Civil War. Eventually, the girls grow and begin to follow their own aspirations in hopes of accomplishing their dreams. Soon enough, Meg and Beth both come back to carry for their families, and Beth also dies of scarlet fever. Amy and Jo continue on in their own artistry, but soon conform to societys idea of womanhood and also marry their respective partners. At the end of the book, the girls are reunited once again, as a family, just as they always have been.My...

John Brown The Sword and the Word Essays -- essays papers

stool Br sustain The Sword and the WordI act from a principle, and I say, break the law be not only the names of two out of the five parts in this book, just now the words by which hindquarters browned lived so passionately everyday. At earlier times in his life he lived by his sword as well. The Sword and the Word illustrates John embrowns own ideas and intentions and how he lived by them. A main issue of this book is that truly a domain of his word who believed that morals should outweigh the law of the land, John dark-brown lived and died for the abolishment of slavery and did as much if not more for that cause than many other slaves or free men.You could say this book is a autobiography entirely it really focuses on certain aspects and parts of John Browns life. It uses a kind of flooring-telling format, only when many of the information and facts of the stories are given over to the ref in the form of notes that are to and from many people including John Brow n. Staviss major thesis is Brown believing that a man has a unblemished right to interfere by force with the slaveholder, in order to rescue the slave, and that Brown fought for the freedom of the slaves and believed it was better he break inhumane rules and pursue and live God than to obey the law and sin.He followed his own set of principles and morals. He believed that a man should be h anest, God-fearing, and loyal. If a man commits a nuisance he must be punished. Once he had a man re-arrested for the crime of theft where the man pleaded poverty. The man was thrown in jail but John Brown believed that the mans family should not suffer for his wrongdoing while he was in jail so John Brown regularly supplied his family with an copiousness of provisions.Not only was John Brown h adeptst and fair, but also he was courteous and generous towards others even outside his well-taken care of family. To upraise his points, the reason includes several stories of things John Br own did in his life that exemplify his unselfishness. Upon hearing that a family miles away was starving and living in poverty one winter John Brown went to the man with a business offer to help the man because he wouldnt accept just donations. The offer gave the man fare and clothing in exchange for his labor the next summer. When the summer time came around, John Brown didnt even let the man flex for him. This is display the good nature of John Browns pers... ...thor also composed the plays, Lamp at Midnight, The Man Who Never Died, Harpers Ferry, Coat of Many Colors, and Refuge, and wrote mansion, Sweet Home and The range of Command. The Sword and the Word is actually a companion volume to Staviss Harpers Ferry play. Publisher Thomas Yoseloff believes that the book is useful for anyone preparing a mathematical product of this story and thinks that it is well put-together with primary sources from history in conjunction with Staviss own views and ideas. I agree. W e have not yet covered this time termination yet, but soon enough we will discuss those crucial years before the civil war in class. However this has still aided and savant my studies in American History. It gave me a more in-depth and closer look at the slavery issue and how absurd it was. It gave me a sense of the feelings of the people of the time that John Brown was alive. Enough was learned from this book that the time spent reading it can be justified. I enjoyed reading the book and would recommend it to some one who enjoys training about that time period in history and the exciting actions and events of a good-hearted man devoting his life for a good cause. John Brown The Sword and the Word Essays -- essays papersJohn Brown The Sword and the WordI act from a principle, and I say, break the law are not only the names of two out of the five parts in this book, but the words by which John Brown lived so passionately everyday. At earlier times in his life he lived by his sword as well. The Sword and the Word illustrates John Browns own ideas and intentions and how he lived by them. A main issue of this book is that truly a man of his word who believed that morals should outweigh the law of the land, John Brown lived and died for the abolition of slavery and did as much if not more for that cause than many other slaves or free men.You could say this book is a biography but it really focuses on certain aspects and parts of John Browns life. It uses a kind of story-telling format, but many of the information and facts of the stories are given to the reader in the form of notes that are to and from many people including John Brown. Staviss major thesis is Brown believing that a man has a perfect right to interfere by force with the slaveholder, in order to rescue the slave, and that Brown fought for the freedom of the slaves and believed it was better he break inhumane rules and obey and follow God than to obey the law and sin.He fo llowed his own set of principles and morals. He believed that a man should be honest, God-fearing, and loyal. If a man commits a crime he must be punished. Once he had a man re-arrested for the crime of theft where the man pleaded poverty. The man was thrown in jail but John Brown believed that the mans family should not suffer for his wrongdoing while he was in jail so John Brown regularly supplied his family with an abundance of provisions.Not only was John Brown honest and fair, but also he was courteous and generous towards others even outside his well-taken care of family. To prove his points, the author includes several stories of things John Brown did in his life that exemplify his unselfishness. Upon hearing that a family miles away was starving and living in poverty one winter John Brown went to the man with a business offer to help the man because he wouldnt accept just donations. The offer gave the man food and clothing in exchange for his labor the next summer. W hen the summer time came around, John Brown didnt even let the man work for him. This is showing the good nature of John Browns pers... ...thor also composed the plays, Lamp at Midnight, The Man Who Never Died, Harpers Ferry, Coat of Many Colors, and Refuge, and wrote Home, Sweet Home and The Chain of Command. The Sword and the Word is actually a companion volume to Staviss Harpers Ferry play. Publisher Thomas Yoseloff believes that the book is useful for anyone preparing a production of this story and thinks that it is well put-together with primary sources from history in conjunction with Staviss own views and ideas. I agree. We have not yet covered this time period yet, but soon enough we will discuss those crucial years before the civil war in class. However this has still aided and enlightened my studies in American History. It gave me a more in-depth and closer look at the slavery issue and how absurd it was. It gave me a sense of the feelings of the people of the t ime that John Brown was alive. Enough was learned from this book that the time spent reading it can be justified. I enjoyed reading the book and would recommend it to some one who enjoys learning about that time period in history and the exciting actions and events of a good-hearted man devoting his life for a good cause.

Lena Horne Essay -- Essays Papers

Lena HorneLena Horne was born on June 30, 1917 in Brooklyn, New York. Her parents were Teddy and Edna Scottron Horne. After her father left her at the age of two in order to quest after his gambling career her mother leaving soon after that to pursue her acting career she went to live with her grandparents. Through her grandparents influence she became involved with organizations like the NAACP, at an early age.In 1924 she went back to live with her mother, traveling and being schooled all over the state until she was fourteen. At the age of fourteen she decided to drop aside of school and go to work. Because she was talented and light skinned it was not hard for her to find a job. She became a chorus girl in Harlems cotton wool Club where blacks entertained a strictly all white crowd. At that time she was making about $25 a week. It was here that Lena got to meet and get a line now famous artists such as Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Count Basie, Ethal Waters, and Billie Holiday. At the age of nineteen she met and married Louis Jones. Together they had two children Gail and Teddy (who later died in 1970 from kidney failure). While trying to get used to raising a family and having a career, she received a call from an agent, who had seen her at the Cotton Club, about a trigger off in a movie. Her controlling hus caboodle allowed her to be in The Duke is Tops and also the musical revue Blackbirds of 1939. When she finally got up the courage to leave Louis, he deiced to take her son away from her. She lost custody of Teddy when the divorce was final and has always regretted not fighting harder for her son. After her divorce she began singing with horrible Sissies Society Orchestra. Through out their tour she had to endure harsh racism having to sleep in tenement boarding houses, the bus and even one time in circus grounds. Soon after that, she toured with Charlie Barnets Outfit and became the first African American to tour with an all whi te band. She was their feature singer and considers this to be the beginning of her success.Lena decided to head out to Hollywood and see what she could do out there. She began singing in the Trocadero Club where she met one of the most influential lot in her life Billy Strayhom. Billy Strayhom was the chief music-writer for Duke Ellington. Lena has always felt that she and he were soul mates, d... ...becoming the first Africa American to tour with an all white band and also the first African American women to sign a long-term contract with a major film studio. She was also an accomplished jazz singer. transcription songs such as The Lady and Her Music and The Best Things in Life Are Free. Lena was a strong advocate of equal rights. he was a constituent of the NAACP, the National Council of Negro women and the Urban League. I think that she is a great pioneer of equal rights because she did it on her own terms and was not as impetuous as some of the other advocates. Sh e achieved equal rights and respect because of her grace, elegance and talent.BibliographyMagazines Lena Town & Country, September 95, Vol. 149 manage 5184, page 128. Author Jonathan Schwartz The Lady Lived The Blues Biography, February 98, Vol. 2 issue 2, page 62 Author Beverly Lauderdale Lena Horne, Timeless as Ever Billboard, June 98, Vol. 110 issue 25, page 36 Author Philip BoothWeb Pages www.amctv.com/behind/stars/horne.html www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000006Q62/afrciangenesis www.geocities.com/BourbonStreet/Delta/6424

Free Awakening Essays: The Parrot :: Chopin Awakening Essays

The Importance of the Parrot in The Awakening   Go away Go away For heavens sake Thats all right (1) Chopin opens her poetic novella, The Awakening, not with the dialogue of a character, but with the ramblings of a brash parrot. Immediately, Chopin compels her readers to ponder what significance, if any, these seemingly random words will defend in the following tale. Yet, it is not until the final pages that we recognize the birds true importance and meaning. The parrot, though seldom referred to within the text, comes to symbolize Ednas economic consumption in society and the woman she becomes as she is spiritually awakened. At first impression the parrots bold demeanor creates an image of eccentricity. His spirited exclamations pull in him an air of impertinence, defiance, and intelligence that one would not expect of such a bird. Chopin portrays Edna in the same light, showing that perhaps as the parrot may divert from the norm, so does Edna, who digresses from the society in which she lives. She does not conform to the image of a typical woman in society, playing the roles of a devoted mother and wife. Edna ignores these standards by engaging in two extra-marital affairs and by placing her own life before those of her children. Her desire to live as she pleases lies in direct opposition to the duties she is evaluate to perform, and she refuses to put on this performance to satisfy society. As a result, Edna seems as brazen and audacious as the parrot that obviously does not mimic the sounds he hears and instead seems to create his own. Again squawking, Go away Go away at the bothersome piano playing of two girls, Chopin writes, He was the only macrocosm present who possessed sufficient candor to admit that he was not listening to these gracious performances for the first time that summer. (23) Edna shows similar candor in her involuntariness to accept societys burdening stereotypes. The seemingly intelligent bird could speak a little Spanis h, and also a language which nobody understood... (1) Though the parrots remarks appear to fall on deaf ears, Edna is one who can identify with his presumable wisdom, as her existence too is misjudged. Both Edna and the parrot ar depicted as extraordinary and misunderstood in their surroundings, yet they are not freeas the parrot must exist in a cage, so Edna is caged by the restrictions society places upon her.

Reverse Anorexia in Bodybuilders Essay -- Health Nutrition Exercise Pa

Reverse Anorexia in Bodybuilders Women compose the overwhelming majority of the reported cases of eating disorders. The, desire to be thin consumes many young women who idealize the delusive and unrealistic model form depicted in popular magazines. Recently, researchers have started to appreciate the role of exercise in the development of eating disorders. This shift has well-lighted the striking influence of sports on body image satisfaction in men as well as women. The importance of a fit public figure has grown increasingly salient to men in modem society as indicated by the rise of hypermasculine action heroes such as Arnold Schwartzenegger and Sylvester Stallone. One growing sport, bodybuilding, presently has the sixth largest sports federation and has come to the attention of researchers. In the last few years, researchers have linked bodybuilding to an overwhelming drive for lean muscle plentitude coined reverse anorexia by Pope, Katz, and Hudson (1993) and bigameraria by Taylor(1985). The bodybuilders obsessional behavior resembles anorexia nervosa with remarkable similarity except that the drive for enormous muscles replaces the drive for thinness. This alarming psychological syndrome may do bodybuilders and weightlifters, to a lesser extent, to relinquish friends, to give up responsibilities, to pursue unusual diets, to overtrain and to risk their health by abusing steroids. Reverse Anorexia in Bodybuilders Bodybuilders who exhibit reverse anorexia touch constantly to gain more lean body mass, but even when successful persist in believing their size is inadequate. Pope et al. (1993) found that 8% of their bodybuilder subjects insisted that they were ver small when they were really big and muscular. This belief aff... ... 148, 917-922. Pasman, L., & Thompson, J. K. (19-8-8). Body and eating disturbance in -obligatory runners, obligatory weightlifters, and sedentary individuals. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 7, 759-769. Pope, H. G., & Katz, D. L. (1988-)., affective and. psychotic syndromes associated with use of anabolic steroids. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 487-490. Pope, H. G., Katz, D. L., & Hudson, J. 1. (1993). Anorexia nervosa and reverse anorexia among 108 male bodybuilders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 34(6), 406-409. Schwartzenegger, A., & Hall, D. K. 19-82). Arnold- The education a builder. New York Pocket Books. Taylor, W. N. (1985). Hormonal Manipulation A new era of monstrous athletes. Jefferson, N. C. McFarland. Yates, A. (I991). Compulsive Exercise and the Eating disorders. New York Brunner/ Mazel, Inc.

Reverse Anorexia in Bodybuilders Essay -- Health Nutrition Exercise Pa

Reverse Anorexia in Bodybuilders Women compose the overwhelming majority of the reported cases of eating disorders. The, desire to be thin consumes many young women who idealize the saturnine and unrealistic model form depicted in popular magazines. Recently, researchers have started to appreciate the role of exercise in the development of eating disorders. This shift has lighten the striking influence of sports on body image satisfaction in men as well as women. The importance of a fit frame has grown increasingly salient to men in modem society as indicated by the rise of hypermasculine action heroes such as Arnold Schwartzenegger and Sylvester Stallone. One growing sport, bodybuilding, right off has the sixth largest sports federation and has come to the attention of researchers. In the last few years, researchers have linked bodybuilding to an overwhelming drive for lean muscle masses coined reverse anorexia by Pope, Katz, and Hudson (1993) and bigameraria by Taylor(1985). T he bodybuilders obsessional behavior resembles anorexia nervosa with remarkable similarity except that the drive for enormous muscles replaces the drive for thinness. This alarming psychological syndrome may spark bodybuilders and weightlifters, to a lesser extent, to relinquish friends, to give up responsibilities, to pursue unusual diets, to overtrain and to risk their health by abusing steroids. Reverse Anorexia in Bodybuilders Bodybuilders who exhibit reverse anorexia sift constantly to gain more lean body mass, but even when successful persist in believing their size is inadequate. Pope et al. (1993) found that 8% of their bodybuilder subjects insisted that they were ver small when they were really big and muscular. This belief aff... ... 148, 917-922. Pasman, L., & Thompson, J. K. (19-8-8). Body and eating disturbance in -obligatory runners, obligatory weightlifters, and sedentary individuals. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 7, 759-769. Pope, H. G., & Katz, D. L. (1988-)., emotive and. psychotic syndromes associated with use of anabolic steroids. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 487-490. Pope, H. G., Katz, D. L., & Hudson, J. 1. (1993). Anorexia nervosa and reverse anorexia among 108 male bodybuilders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 34(6), 406-409. Schwartzenegger, A., & Hall, D. K. 19-82). Arnold- The education a builder. New York Pocket Books. Taylor, W. N. (1985). Hormonal Manipulation A new era of monstrous athletes. Jefferson, N. C. McFarland. Yates, A. (I991). Compulsive Exercise and the Eating disorders. New York Brunner/ Mazel, Inc.

Life Is a Dream Essay

Historical backgroundSpain was join after the Moorish occupation (711-1400s). However, it also left Spain as a cultural powerhouse in Europe which was still largely medieval in 15th century. Spanish philosophers and scholars exerted strong influence and their craftsmen were well known across Europe.Ferdinand and Isabella united Spain and by 1492 expelled the Moors entirely form the country. They were determined to Christianize Spain and instituted the Inquisition to hunt down and punish heretics/in addition to the Moors tey expelled all the Jews from the country.Influences from both the Moors and Catholics are unembellished in the Spanish drama Moorish heritage in the attitude towards women and honor Catholic influence-religious faith and doctrine-God and church.Spain was the dominant world power for al intimately devil centuries-1492 expansion and occupation of many lands in America, Africa parts of Europe-Portugal, Sicily, Netherlands. This gave the nation a sense of stability, confidence, energy-also evident in the theater.Religious drama-auto sacramentale- were extremely popular and performed regularly even so after they had become obsolete in the rest of Europe. Professional troupes were organized for this purpose-best writers were hired to write them. They were produced on carts (carros) roughly 16 feet long and 36 feet tall-thus having ii levels.Eventually they used 4 carros as a permanent stage-actors were reharsing for a long time and were presenting for the city council before the performance could get approved for the public. Autos were performed for two hundred years until the decline in mid 1700sBy the give notice of the 16th century-several dramatic geners appearedComedia-3 act dramas or comedies.Cape and Sword-about lowly gentlemen and Cuerpo (Noise) about kings and mythological characters, saints-actions in remote places.Lope de Vega1562-1635-One of the most famous and prolific playwrights-a nobleman, soldier, businessman, lover and final ly a priest. He wrote over 1600 plays some-450 have survived. Often compared to Shakespeare, he did not have the depth and insight into human nature-he preferred to end plays with happy endings-looking at the positive side.Pedro Calderon de La Barca1600-1681Wrote about 200 plays of which a 100 survived. He wrote Cape and Sword comedies-love triangles that are happily resolved. He also wrote serious plays about jealousy and honor. Most famously he wrote a number of autos-his were the most popular and the form declined after his death.LIFE IS A DREAM1636A philosophical allegory about the human situation and the mystery of purport. It is a tragi-comedy-has elements of both. tout ensemble major characters suspended between different duties-promises and expectations of what is to be done.Clotaldo has a duty to kill anyone who sees Segismundo but also can not kill his own filleas his duty is to protect her. Sgismundo kills his helpers the rebels as he has a duty to the kingdom. As in a classical comedy everyone gets married at the end but the couples are strange or unexpected-Segismundo marries Estrella instead of Rosaura-she marries Astolfo as he has ruined her honor.AnalogiesDreams to theater as theater to lifeDreams to life as life to afterlifeBasilio is rebuked in the play as he wants to find out his fate-only God knows your fate.Women were allowed on stage from the end of the 16th century. Cross-dressing was forbidden so Rosaura appears as a half-monster-half-male, half female clothing.

Nonverbal Communication Essay

AbstractThe goal of this train was to find out if disciplineers were article of faith gestural parley in their distinguishroom, and also if it was important to teach communicative communion in the seg workforcetationroom. Teachers suffer a variety of teaching styles, and techniques. Some teachers using gesturals and some do not. However, sometimes row size, classification take aims, and provokeuality arsehole cause teachers to either use communicatory communication or not. The lift officipants of this study were asked whether or not their teacher use opposite types of communicative communication in the classroom setting. The study set that learners said most teachers in their classes use nonverbal communication to teach. This study also provides support of the importance nonverbal communication has when teaching.Nonverbal communication in the classroomA research some the importance of teaching nonverbal communicationCommunication in world-wide is the process o f sending and receiving piths that enables humans to sh atomic number 18 knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Although we usu totallyy identify communication with speech, communication is composed of two di workforcesions, which are verbal and nonverbal. Nonverbal communication has been be as communication, but just without any words. Communicating is not something we can just do without, nonverbal communication especially considering it can never be shut off, unlike verbal communication we are al shipway communicating nonverbally. One cannot not lead. Nonverbal communication is always around you and impossible to ignore.Research, in many studies, has indicated that nonverbal communication can serve a wide range of functions in human interaction. Nonverbal communication is an essential part of any day life. No matter if at work, school, or even at home, nonverbal communication turn of eventss a huge role in life. As Blatner (2002) says, a good deal people cannot understand the im pact of nonverbal communications involved in a situation unless it is replayed and figured out (pg.3). Teachers need to be practicing and teaching nonverbal communication in the classroom e very(prenominal)day, and that by doing so students ordain become ofttimes better communicators. Nonverbal communication strategies are important to the develop custodyt of an rough-and-ready educational system. Nonverbal communication should be practiced in more classes than just communication classes, because no matter what major of study you are in communication is always going to be an essential thing to know.Many social scientists have conducted research in the field of nonverbal communication as it affects students and educators. Ritchie (1977) found that seven percent of communication is nonverbal. Voice inflection accounts for 38% of the mess fester, and facial expression, including body language, transfers 55% of the message. Speer (1972) states that because 90% of the total impact of a message can come from nonverbal elements, sharpening nonverbal communication skills cannot help but make a person a better communicator. So why are not all teachers using this method of teaching in the classroom setting? That is one of the questions I would like to reaction in my research. This paper will work to determine if nonverbal communication is essential to be taught in the classroom and the importance of the teaching of nonverbal communication.Literature ReviewResearch has been investigated, by many dissimilar scholarly researchers, somewhat nonverbal communication and the importance of why it should be taught to students in their learning career. Nonverbal communication can be defined as signing, symbols, colors, gestures, rhythms, and much more. Those are just a few examples that will be discussed (Ritchie 1977). Speer (1972) believes that it is important to know all the different ways to communicate nonverbally and explains all of those ways in the book. Speer (197 2) also emphasizes on the fact that in order to communicate, you must early know what nonverbal communication in truth is. Pilner, Alloway, & Krames (1974) however compare how humans and animals communicate differently nonverbally and the importance of knowing the different ways, and they also point out how humans and animals can communicate very similarly nonverbally as well. Ethology is the way of studying doings amongst people. Weitz (1974) refers to ethology as a way to conduct research, knowing how to study different peoples behavior is essential to know before observing how people act.Visual interactions are also ways of studying nonverbal communication in the classroom, according to Weitz (1974). agree to Molcho (1985), nonverbal communication is critical in the classroom setting, especially in interpersonal communication. The most credible messages teachers generate are said to be nonverbal. Duggan (2012) discusses all of the different nonverbal cues and why they are impo rtant. For example, he states the importance of facial expressions, gestures, and appearance. Along the same lines Carli (1995), Mayo &Henley (1981) and Thompson (2012) have different articles somewhat differences between men and women and the different thoughts they have on nonverbal communication. He also discusses different research scenarios in which research has been conducted to prove the importance of nonverbal communication, and why men and women communicate differently sometimes.Area of StudyNonverbal communication plays a huge role in the classroom, and how teachers should be using nonverbal communication. (Pliner 1974) This paper is a research intended to help understand why nonverbal communication is so important in teaching, and what those importances are. Teachers should be using nonverbal communication everyday, in every course no matter what the major of study is. I ask to research to see if teachers are using nonverbal communication skills in the classroom enviro nment, and if so how they are using them. My hypothesis is that yes I believe teachers are using nonverbal communication as a way of teaching in their classroom.If the answer is no however, I will research why teachers are not using nonverbal communication in their every day teaching techniques, and if there are reasons behind why they are not using it. I will conduct surveys in class to see if students believe teachers are teaching enough about nonverbal communication, and if they believe it is important to be learning about. I would ask, does nonverbal communication play a role in the classroom? For instance, is nonverbal communication important in the classroom setting, whether it be how the teacher dresses, lectures, stands, etc. I also want to find out if teachers are teaching enough about nonverbal communication to their students. Are students gaining enough knowledge about nonverbal communication turn in the classroom setting? Also, I would like to find out, what is the impo rtance of nonverbal communication. Why should we study this and why do we need to learn this study for our whole careers.Finally, what would a classroom setting be like with zero nonverbal communication? This consists of no eye contact, appearance codes, gesture, or any other(a) kind of nonverbal communication behavior. The following research questions and hypotheses guide the current study H1 Students believe teachers are using nonverbal communication to communicate with them on a daily basis. H2 There is no difference between what males believe teachers use in the classroom and what females believe. H3 All ages believe the same thing when it comes to how very much their teachers communicate nonverbally and how they are communicating this way. RQ1 Does nonverbal communication play a role in the classroom? RQ2 Are teachers teaching enough about nonverbal communication to their students?MethodologyInstrumentI used the convenience type sampling method. (see appendix A) This is a non random type sampling in which I used volunteers in my class to take my survey. The survey contained nine questions. Participants were asked nine questions about how their teachers use different nonverbal communication skills to communicate with them. The students were asked to toller yes or no depending on if the teacher used those certain styles of nonverbals while teaching, Students were also asked some demographic questions sex, classification, and age. I used evidence by Wilmont (1995), about research of nonverbal communication to come up with my research questions. I developed my questions very carefully before choosing what the right questions were to ask. I thought about questions that could be useful to my research and that would help me develop the results I needed in order to prove or disprove my topic. I choose questions that wouldnt be offensive to anyone, so that everyone could participate. I was trying to find out the significance of nonverbal communication being used and taught in the classroom setting.ParticipantsI had twenty-five students in my research communication class participate in my survey. There were fourteen males and eleven females who participated, however gender doesnt have much of an affect on my research. The ages for my survey ranged from nineteen to twenty-three years old. All of the students who took my survey were in some kind of communication field. I conducted my survey and distributed it during our class hour, along with everyone else. I distributed my surveys on Thursday October 18th, 2012.I distributed my survey to each member in the class in a row order. I solely passed my survey out row by row to each class member, and when everyone received my survey they began taking it. When the class was done taking my survey they proceeded to the seem of the classroom and put my surveys in a pile for me to pick up. I then took a look at all of my results later that night. I make an excel document and went through each individua l paper and recorded my results in to excel. I recorded the number of females and males, class rank, and also the answers to my yes and no questions.ResultsThe first hypothesis was concerned with if students believed teachers were using nonverbal communication with them to teach on a daily basis. The hypothesis inferred that students did believe teachers were using nonverbal communication on a daily basis to communicate with them. . This hypothesis was supported. All students answered yes to at least some type of nonverbal communication. The second hypothesis looked at the sex of the students. This hypothesis inferred that the sex of the student was not significant for this survey. This hypothesis was supported. Sex was not significant in the research. Males and females answered mostly the same for every question in the survey.The third hypothesis looked at age of the students. This hypothesis stated that age was not significant in the survey. This hypothesis was supported. After re cording all the results, age was not a factor. All of the students came up with mostly the same answers no matter their age.Research question one asked if nonverbal communication played a role in the classroom setting. From my survey, students believed that yes, nonverbal communication does in fact play a role in the classroom, and the survey also showed that numerous amounts of different types of nonverbal communication are being used every day in the classroom setting. Research question number two asked, are teachers teaching enough about nonverbal communication to their students? The question was answered yes by every single student. Students believe that yes there is enough nonverbal communication being taught in the classroom.DiscussionThe goal of this study was to see if nonverbal communication was being taught in the classroom and if it was important to be taught. Teachers have many different ways of teaching, and many different techniques but the overall outcome was that yes , nonverbal communication is very important in the classroom and that many teachers do use nonverbal communication on a daily basis to teach. Class size, gender, and classification did not really matter in this study. Previous research has also found that nonverbal communication is a very important factor in teaching as well. My study supported previous research, and agreed that nonverbal communication is being taught in the classrooms, and it is important for teachers to teach and use nonverbal communication.Another interest find was that gender did not play a big part in the overall outcomes. I figured since females tend to notice things more, like proximity, gestures, posture, etc., that females would answer a lot differently than males but that was not true in this case. All students believed pretty much the same things.I was not surprised that students believed nonverbal communication was important because I agree, it is. After conducting my survey I versed a lot of things fro m classmates. Some of the things I discovered were, body posture is a very important nonverbal in the classroom. Body posture can tell when students understand the content presented or when they have trouble grasping the major concepts. A student who is slouching in his seat sends a very different message than the student who learns forward or sits erect.I also learned that eye contact plays a very important role in teaching. Teachers a great deal use eye contact in the classroom to decide who is prepared to answer a question, or who has completed a homework assignment. If a student does not want to be called on they will try and have no eye contact with the teacher, and that indicates to the teacher they do not know the answer or wish to not speak. Students also responded that distance is used on a daily basis in the classroom. The teachers are supposed to stand in the front, and the students sit in desks in the middle and back. I also discovered that students would interact more comfortably with a teacher when they are in same vertical plane. Dress being a form of nonverbal communication, I discovered plays a role in every classroom. Teachers dress appropriately for class everyday, as in dress pants, dresses, nice shirts, etc.Effective teaching depends on successful communication. By definition of non-verbal communication without uttering a single word, teachers and students forever and a day send messages to each other (Thompson, 2012).Limits and Future StudyAlthough my study found a lot of reliable information, there were some limitations. When conducting my survey, although it turned out very helpful, I would have changed the questions and been a little more descriptive with them. For example, I would have not only asked if the certain nonverbals were used in the classroom, I would have also asked when and how these forms of communication were used.Another limitation was class classification. There were a wide variety of grade levels that took my survey , and all teachers in every grade level have a different way of teaching, so I would have tried to get maybe all Juniors or all Seniors to take my survey. I would have tried to have all people who take the same classes with the same teachers to take the survey.Future researchers could look more in to how students use nonverbal communication to communicate rather than just teachers. I think students use just as much nonverbal communication as teachers do and that would be an interesting research to conduct also.This research was conducted to show the importance of nonverbal communication while teaching in the classroom. Nonverbal communication plays an essential role in the classroom so I believe more studies should be done concerning nonverbal communication.ReferencesCarli, L. (1995). Nonverbal behavior, gender, and influence. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 68(6), 1030-1041.Duggan, T. (2012). Nonverbal cues between men and women in the workplace. Hearst Newspapers. Re trieved fromhttp//smallbusiness.chron.com/nonverbal-cues-men-women-workplace-11424.html.Key, Mary Ritchie. (1977) Nonverbal communication a research guide & bibliography. Metuchen, N.J. Scarecrow PressMayo, C., & Henley, N. (1981). Gender and nonverbal behavior. New York Springer-Verlag.Molcho, S. (1985). Body speech. New York, NY St. Martins Press.Pliner, P., Alloway, T.,Krames, L. (1974). Nonverbal communication Advances in the study of communication and affect. New York Plenum Press. Speer, D. C. (1972). NonVerbal Communication. Beverly Hills, Sage Publications.Thompson, J. (2012). The science and fun of nonverbal communication Electronic Version. Are man and cleaning woman equals in nonverbal communication?Weitz, S. (1974) Nonverbal communication Readings with commentary. New York Oxford University Press.Wilmont, W. (1995). Relational Communication. New York McGraw-Hill.

Math Ia

Math IA Math Internal Assessment EF International Academy NY Student Name Joo Hwan Kim instructor Ms. Gueye Date March 16th 2012 Contents Introduction Part A Part B Conclusion Introduction The aim of this IA is to summon off the purpose of the comparisons with complex casts by using our bonkledge. I used de Moivres theorem and binomial expansion, to get a line out the specific pattern and make conjecture approximately it. I basically used property of binominal theory with the relationship between the length of the stemma fragments and the descents. Part ATo obtain the solutions to the equation ) Moivres theorem, ( equation, we will raise , I used de Moivres theorem. According to de . So if we apply this theorem in to the ( ) ( ( ) ) ( ) If we rewrite the equation with the found value of , it shows ( ( ( ( ( ) )) )) Let k be 0, 1, and 2. When k is 0, ( ) ( ) v v Now I know that if I apply this equation with the root of ( ) ( ) we feces find the answers on the uni t circle. I plan these values in to the interpretical recording software, GeoGebra and then I got a graph as below fig 1 The roots of z-1=0 I chose a root of and I tried to find out the length of two shares from the point Z. I divided each(prenominal) triangle in to two same skillful angle triangles. By knowing that the radius of the unit circle is 1, with the knowledge of the length from D or Z to their mid-point C is length of the segment segment ) v , I found out . So I multiplied this answer by 2. And I got the v . I used same mode to find out the length of the . (v v Figure 2 The graph of the equation z3-1=0 after purpose out line segment Thus we can write that the three roots of , and we can also factorize the equation by long division.Since I know that one of the roots is 1, I can divide the whole equation by (z-1). And then I got . So if we factorize the equation as ( )( ) As question asks I repeat the work above for the equations . Using De Moivres theorem, can be re written as ( ) Suppose So the roots of the equation are . As we can see the graph below, I drew a graph of the roots and connected two other from a point A. The question wants me to find out the length of the line segments which I connected from a single roots to two other roots, . Since are isosceles remediate-angle triangles with two sides of 1.With the basic knowledge of right triangle with two I found out that the length of the v v Figure 3 Graph of z4-1=0 before finding out the line segment Figure 4 Graph of z4-1=0 after finding out the line segments Again I am finding out the roots of ( ( ( Suppose that the k is equal to 0,1,2,3 and 4. ) ) ) ( ( ( ( I plotted those roots of the equation ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) in to GeoGebra and on an Argand Diagram. And as shown below I found out the length of the line segments Figure 5 Graph of z5-1=0 before finding out the line segments Figure 6 Graph of z5-1=0 after finding out the line segmentsSo if I rewrite the lengths of line segments for each different equations and , they are , ( ) ( ) , ( ( ( ( ) ) ( ) ) ( ) ) ( ) With my values of distance of the line segments between the chosen root and others, I made a conjecture that says ( ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) I tried to ground this conjecture. But as shown below, it is impossible to prove due to unknown amount of multiple of the sin properties ( ) Then I tried to prove it by binominal expansion, which is totally different way. I drew a graph of an equation (shown below) and connected between a root to all the other roots.Figure 7 The graph of zn-1=0, with its roots connected As shown above, the graph has certain amount of roots, and they are connected to a root as told in the problems. And the lengths of those line segments are able to be written as ( So I rewrote the equation ( And with the knowledge of ( )( )( )( ) ( ) )( ) in the form of )( )( ) ( ) And since the angles , And I will have ( ) And then, with the binominal expansion, I folded it out, and got ( ( ( ( ) ( ) ) )( )( )( ) ( ) ) ( ) And I can find out that ( ) ( ( ( )( ) )( ) )( ( ) ( ) ) And I know that ( ) , so with this knowledge, I rewrote ( ( )( ) )( ( )( ( ) ) And all those ( to zero. So it finally has )and ( ) refer ( ( ( ( ( ) ( )( )( )( ) ) ) ( ( ) ) ) ) And there are two condition where n can be even anatomy or odd number, And according to this condition the value of n ( ) So the total product of the length of the line segment equal to the power of the equation Proved. And I factorized When I factorized ( ( ( )( )( , I got the answers like )( ) ) ) And I also tried to test my conjecture with some more values of For ( ) Suppose ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) Figure 8 The graph of z6-1=0 with line segments The product of lengths of the line segments are v vFor ( Suppose ) Figure 9 The graph of z7-1=0 with its line segments Part B I am going to find the solutions of this equation for each Moivres theorem to obtain solutions to the equation . And I will use de . An d I also drew diagrams for each roots of the equation s. I used Geo Gebra to represent each roots of the equation on the Argand Diagram. So, when ( ) ( ( ) ) ( ( ( ) ) ) ( ( ) ) ( ) ( ) v v ( ) ( ) Figure 10 The graph of roots of equation z3=i As shown above, the equation has three distinct roots. And the distance of arc between each neighboring roots are same with others.Roots of this equation increase by are three roots on the unit circle. , so we can find that there When ( ( ( ) ) ) Suppose ( ) ( ( ( ) ) ) Figure 11 The graph of roots of equation z4=i When n=5, ( ( ) ) Suppose ( ( ) ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ( ) Figure 12 The graph of roots of the equation z5=i Basically all the roots we found are on the lane of the unit-circle, because we use the complex ( ) number whose modulus is 1. . So if I generalize the equation of , I would get ( ( So for the equation like equation is Generalize the equations of , ) ) that satisfy this ( ). And I can should be (0+1i)= i.And the value of into , where n=3,4 and 5. rad. So we can change the equation ( ) ( ( ( ) ) ) With the knowledge of in the right triangle of a b So With the knowledge v It is possible state that This abstractedness is proved naturally as we found out that the angle of the roots is . When But when under the condition of has a generalization of the generalization would change as Conclusion I found out some patterns about two different equation some conjectures that led me to find out and prove it. For of all length of the line segments connected form a root to others. . There were n is equal to the product

Intro to Ethics Study Guide Essay

1. social select theory is to give up right to have a government, animals come in the public court of opinion. Animals argon involved implicit it can be inferred they contribute to human beings and killing them would interfere with the balance in the ecosystem 2. rightfulness ethics-aristotle would compete that if you were to kill an animal without morality would be immoral. Using too much compassion or too little. Doing the right thing because it is the right thing. 1st two-dimensional imperative. If that maxim is able to pop off a universal rectitude. A maxim would be to c atomic number 18 for animals 3. Util- it depends on the situation who it makes happy more who is satisfied? pot you do better with your time2. If John has a day off from work and stays home all day getting drunk, then Utilitarianism would judge that it is okay for john to do that seeing that he is home al cardinal and he is not bothering any oneness. His family and friends ar not aware of what he is do ing and he resolved to get drunk which makes his happiness the highest. Yet, it must be considered what John could have done in that period of time that could have been most beneficial to the community. The chastely right thing put to death brings the highest net or overall happiness which John did not provide.This brings up Hedonism where the right actions only have best results that are measured so the goal should be to maximize the total measure of happiness. John could have done other things throughout that day wish volunteering at a hospital or visiting his family. According to Utilitarianism, John decided to get drunk which is not following through with the Utilitarian right of action by doing something that would give the most happiness. Morality is the effort to guide ones conduct by reason and have the best reasons for doing them. So, if Johns drinking is not backed up with the best reasons possible for doing them, then Johns decision is not morally correct according to utilitarianism. 3.4. We are obligated to documentation our promises according to all four theories. Utilitarianism If my happiness outweighs the net happiness of the psyche of whom I want to break the promise with, then utilitarianism would assert that it is okay to break the promise seeing that it would give me the most amount of happiness. But, if you break that promise and continue to break promises you made to your friend, then that would eventually consume to your best friend being unhappy with you and break the friendship apart unless that friend does not care about broken promises. Kantian ethics We should keep our promises because we are to act only according to that maxim by which it will at the same time become a universal constabulary.If we were to promise to cede off someone back and never planned to pay them back for real and broke that promise, then if that was to become a universal law no one would trusts each other or believe people when they say they will ow e them back. Thus, this will break friendships and leave the world with broken promises. Social contract theory depends if the person lying is doing something for good virtue ethics practical wisdom on which virtue to use. Knowing what virtue to use in what situation.5. Kant apprehension lying was immoral because our behavior should be guided by universal laws which are moral rules that hold true in all circumstances. Kant says that lying chthonian any circumstances is the obliteration of ones dignity as a human being Even a small white law is unacceptable. His argument consisted of it being okay to lie or lying becoming popular. You should act in a way if it was to become a universal law so this universal law of lying would lead to everyone lying and the purpose would be self-defeating, no one would believe each other, and no one would pay attention to what you say. Essentially, Kant believes that we should only do the actions that conform to rules that we would adopt universally .7.virtue is a state of character that lies between by doing a virtuous act you will become virtuous because it will become a habit coward-courage 8. If known murder comes to your home searching your friend, A virtue theorist would tell the truth. Although he has virtues like loyalty and honesty which he want to keep true, I would have to choose between one or the other. Virtues are desired states of character that are also excellence that brings into good conditions therefore people strive to have these virtues.The friend must choose to whether tell the truth to the murderer which is a virtue of having honesty or tell a lie to the murderer to help his friend which is a virtue of loyalty to their friend. Although both virtues are important and one would not want to participate in the murder of their friend, a virtue theorist would essentially tell the murderer the truth since lying is treating a person as mere means because you are using them to lie instead of using them as endsvirt ue is a state of character concerned with resource and so lying in a mean would be determined by the rational principle which can only be determined by a man of practical wisdom.-virtue looks for what is intermediate.

Green Energy Essay

This is a serious issue in many countries and is harmful to humans and animals health, the environment and besides increases pollution (Veziroglu 2007). Now, it is the conviction to face these problems by development clean qualification such(prenominal) as solar, wind and water system. Wagner & Mathur (2011) state that hydro advocator is the most efficient renewable energy, while Veziroglu (2007) claims that hydrogen is the chance on to the solution in the 21st century. Therefore, this essay ordain focus on energy sources water and hydrogen. The first part will analyse how to use water to get under ones skin a boastfully substance of military unit in several ways.The second will discuss the effect of hydro energy. The third point will justify where hydrogen comes from and how to use it. The last section will describe the reason why many researchers and industrialists argon interested in apply hydrogen power. It is argued that using hydro power and hydrogen energy in many countries keep decrease CO2 emissions that are the main cause of climate change and create an nitty-gritty of clean energy, although these sources of energy have some negative impact and requires high investment costs.Hydro is a large natural resource that can be utilise to generate power in different ways. Hydro means water which is a significant power source to generate electricity. Destouni & Frank (2010) state that hydro-electric is a large resource, and it is more stable and reliable than other resources when they are compared. Additionally, the electric can be produced from water by using generator in many ways. Wagner & Mathur (2011) herald that there are three ways which are river power plant, storage power plant and oceanic power plant.Firstly, they state that river power plants create power by the f first gearing and dropping of elevation of water. For storage power plants, they reveal that they generate electricity when the reservoir allows water to fall from natural resources such as Mountain Lake and artificial resources such as dam. For example, they point out that the biggest storage energy stations is the Three Gorges Dam in China which creates over 25 times more electricity than a coal-fired energy station on the basis of capacity.Secondly, another power plant uses water from the ocean such as wave, tide and the different temperatures of the sea to produce energy. Furthermore, hydro-energy is the main source of electricity in some countries. For instance, the percentage of using hydropower in Norway, Brazil and Canada are 99, 84 and 58, respectively (Wagner & Mathur 2011). In the future, the global product of hydro-electricity tends to be growth. Destouni and Frank (2010) suggest that it will increase around 20 percent by 2050 for decreasing the using of fossil fuel and hundred emission.Hydro energy has negative and positive sides that affect human lives. Firstly, all hydro power plants require a great sum up of capital. Secondly, river plants produce small amounts of energy compared with other hydropower plants because this type does not use the full flow of the river, so the energy is not sufficient for many households. Thirdly, large dams could temper to floods in the cities which are situated lower than the dams because of overload caused by heavy rain or damage caused by earthquakes (Wagner & Mathur 2011).Moreover, hydro plants could impact on environment. For example, large dams can interrupt fishs lives when fish try to swim upstream and deplete natural animal habitat for birds and ducks that have to move to another region as shown in the OShaughnessy Dam in the United State which destroyed some parts of Yosemite National Park. Moreover, over one million plenty were forced to move out their villages when China built the Three Gorges Dam project (National geographic 2012). On the other hand, there are many advantages of hydro power plants.Wagner & Mathur (2011) indicate that storage power plants can gener ate large amount of energy, and when well managed can avoid flooding, and can provide water for farmers whenever they demand because the dams see water all year. In addition, dams have the efficiency of controlling the water that can begin, stop and generate power immediately. Furthermore, the average cost to invest in this power is lower than the other sources, and it can be used longer than 50 years. For example, the plant in Darjeeling in India is installed in 1897 (Wagner & Mathur 2011).According to National geographical (2012), hydropower is sustainable and clean source because of water cycle that water transforms to steam and come back to water again, and no greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which pollute into the air so that it decreases impact on environment and reduce the causes of global warming. Another widespread renewable energy is hydrogen which is a staple source which can be produced from natural and artificial resources and can use in many kinds of industrie s for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Hydrogen is made from primary sources such as solar, nuclear, water and fossil fuel (Fig. 1).Edwards, Kuznetsov & David (2007) point out that a fuel cell is a device for generating electricity and recharging power by oxidisation between hydrogen and oxygen from the air though electrodes and this process will continue until no fuel and air (Fig. 2). Therefore, many countries select hydrogen energy to solve climate change problems that are caused by the use of fossil fuel. For example, some countries which are interested in using hydrogen power are the United States and Japan who spend a lot of money investing in hydrogen energy projects both to decrease carbon emissions, and as an alternate(a) power resource (European Commission 2003).Hydrogen energy and fuel cell have some pros and cons for decision to use in society such as vehicles, aerosol and stationary. The advantages of hydrogen power and fuel cell are cycling of water, low or zero ca rbon emission, high efficiency and power quality, and low noise. As a result, these advantages will reduce pollution and eliminate greenhouse gases which cause ozone layer depletion. Moreover, these systems are used in wide range such as hospitals, transport, and IT centres (Edwards, Kuznetsov & David 2007 and Veziroglu 2007).In transport, hydrogen energy has been used in transport because it provides good performance and high convenience such as smoothing and low noise, and too it is used for silent power of airspace and producing high levels of power for advanced soldier uniforms in military program. Furthermore, technology such as computers, telephone and radios also use hydrogen and fuel cell in recent year because it can provide long life batteries. However, it cost a great amount of money to hydrogen project and sometimes it can use in short time just thousands hours (European Commission 2003).In addition, Veziroglu (2007) reports that some process will produce other gases no t only hydrogen such as nitrogen oxide group can cause global warming. In conclusion, the advantage of hydropower is providing the amount of energy that is sufficient for the requirements of every household, and the advantage of hydrogen energy is that it can be used in many industries such as cars and airplanes. Moreover, both of them, which are clean and sustainable energy systems, reduce carbon emissions.Furthermore, the cost of these kinds of energy will decrease as these systems become more prominent and will be used more widely in the future. Therefore, hydropower and hydrogen energy are likely to be used in the future to decrease the causes of climate change. seed List Destouni, G & Frank, H 2010, Renewable energy, Ambio,vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 18-21, viewed 1 December 2012, . Edwards, PP, Kuznetsov, VL & David, WIF 2007, Hydrogen energy, Philosophical Transactions Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, vol. 365, no. 1853, pp. 1043-1056, viewed 1 December 2012, .Europ ean commission 2003, Hydrogen energy and fuel cells a vision of our future, European Communities, Luxembourg, viewed 28 November 2012, . National Geographic 2012, Hydroelectric energy, National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C. , viewed 28 November 2012, . Veziroglu, TN 2007, 21st centurys energy hydrogen energy system, in JW Sheffield C Sheffield (eds), Assessment of hydrogen energy for sustainable development, customs Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 9-31, viewed 23 November 2012, . Wagner, H Mathur, J 2011,Introduction to hydro energy systems,Springer, Dordrecht.

Narrowing a Topic

Associate Program Material Narrowing a Topic Example Worksheet Review the following example worksheet What full general point have you selected? Education What components, or subtopics, are related to this topic? Multiple intelligences Classroom management Importance of higher education Benefits of higher education unsophisticated school Standardized testing Parental involvement What particular aspect of this topic interests you most? Classroom management What is your purpose or goal for musical composition an essay on this topic? To formulate to the reader the various methods of classroom management used in the elementary-school classroom What questions do you want to answer or lecture in the essay? What styles of classroom management exist? What effect does classroom management have on the classroom? What is your narrowed topic preference for final expository essay? Classroom management in the elementary-scho ol classroom Is your topic withal too broad for the length of the paper? No, I ring my narrowed topic would be acceptable for the length Explain your answer. If so, how might you narrow it further? of the final paper. I will be able to explain the various types of classroom-management styles and explain the effect that they have on the classroom. Expository Essay Topic Option 1 Worksheet If you selected Option 1 for this assignment, complete the following worksheet What general topic have you selected? Video gaming What components, or subtopics, are related to this topic? Types of games Price of games Hand and eye coordination and motor skills Addictiveness/time management personnel related to game play What particular aspect of this topic interests you most? Educational value of video games in children What is your purpose or goal for authorship an essay on this topic? To inform the reader what educational benefits video games have upon a child What questions do you want to answer or address in the essay? How would a child benefit from playing video games What is your narrowed topic choice for final expository essay? Is your topic still too broad for the length of the paper? Explain your answer. If so, how might you narrow it further?

Ramayana and the Illiad

Yogesh Tekwani Professor November 22, 2011 Second Writing Assignment Ramayana and the Iliad are two important belles-lettres pieces from Greece and India, both encounters are set in time when Gods were known to make appearance on normal basis. The plays are main characters are Achilles and Ram, Achilles is a demi graven image and Ram is an incarnation of God Vishnu. In the Iliad, Achilles is an arrogant strugglerior who goes to war to claim laurels and fame. In the Ramayana, Ram is a prince who is exiled to the forest. So what is the nature of injustice to the wedge in these epics?What customs/values inform the heroes responses to this injustice? How do differences in customs/values inform differences in Greek and Hindoo literature? What do arete and dharma mean in these market-gardenings? What roles do the gods play in these heroes predicaments? The Iliad starts off with sacking of a Trojans allied town and two maidens are interpreted as prized possession from the town, one for Achilles and one for Agamemnon. During a plague, Agamemnon is asked to return his prize and in anger asks Achilles to give him his prize.In anger Achilles draws vane toward Agamemnons men and is some to slay when Athena appears to control his anger. Achilles stops fighting for Agamemnon and tells his mother to ask Zeus for revenge on Agamemnons army. The Ramayana starts off with Ram, who was the prince of Ayodhya was on his way to run crowned to become a king. Ram who is known for his kind nature is asked by his mother in law to go the forest and live there for 14 years because she wanted her own son to be crowned king. Ram without hesitation accepts the decision and heads to the forest with his wife and his brother.In these two epics we terminate equalise the customs/values that each individual have learned and how they use those customs/values towards their injustice. In the Iliad, when Achilles is told to give up his price, he angrily points his sword at Agamemnon and i s ready to kill anyone who touches his prize. Achilless is shown as a self-centered arrogant warrior who cannot accept authority and must use his sword to prove his point. Achilles reactions on this situation is based on his understanding that he a demi god who can easily kill many men and that e only went to war to claim glory. Achilles response though is shown normal in Greek tradition because if injustice is done to anyone, they can easily kill the person to regain justice. In the Ramayana, Ram who is shown as a noble prince who was brought up loving his parents and brothers, he is taught to always respect his elders and never question authority. Ram is told to exile in the forest for 14 years by his step mother Ram does not question the injustice and accepts his fate. Ram is shown as the keenst of men and one who respects his elders does not question authority.Ram is shown as person who lives career without jealousy and glory is not a part of it. When comparing Achilles and Ra m, Achilles is shown as a person who questions authority and does not respect his elders whereas Ram is a person who accepts authority and respects his elders. So how do these the differences in custom/values inform differences in Greek and Hindu Culture? The Hindu culture is more about whiteness and how a person gains that trait. In Hinduism a person must try to live life with no greed, selfishness and arrogance.A person must completely put all of their faith in the hands of God, as they are stressful to gain wisdom and purity for their soles. The Gods play a big part in Hindu cultures because it is by means of worshipping them that you can be pure, the life that you live now is nothing but an illusion and true life can only be gained by living this illusion as pure as you can. The Greek culture is a little(a) similar to Hindu culture when it comes to looking at the Gods for answers and help but, those are the only similarity between the two.The Greek culture is not based on an illusion and does not mention purity of souls to claim a higher standard in life. Greek culture is shown as more of a convulsive culture where the Gods themselves partake in these actions. The Greek culture also has more involvement from gods when it comes to living a daily life. The customs/values for the Greek culture were based on pride, glory and power because that how the gods motivated the people. In Hindu culture, purity is the only gain and is motivated done a better later life. Dharma also plays a big part in Hindu culture, as it is through and through dharma a person can become pure.Dharmas true means is personal duties, when a person is born they are given dharma that they must follow to gain next life. It is never told what your dharma is but it is claimed that you can achieve through doing the right things in life and once you achieve it you will realize it yourself. It can be more than personal duties too, it can also be your career in life or what you are meant to do even are after you complete your personal duties in life. Through dharma can you only achieve personal satisfaction or even enlightenment that even glory cannot provide.In the Greek Culture, arete is a little similar to dharma because it is also what a person is stressful to achieve in their lifetime. Arete is more of excellence of sort that a person is trying to gain through self-improvement. Arete can be excellence in anything a person desires, it is not a self-duty or a calling like dharma. In the Ancient Greek though arete was more of inner strength and braveness that one would try to gain in a interlocking. For example, Hectors achieved arete when he battled to protected his homeland, his actions were based on his duty to protect his homeland. What roles do gods play in these heroes predicament?In the Iliad the gods are more involved and favor sides, Achilles who was a demi god has a god for a mother and she had already told him his fate. During the battle for troy when Achilles was going to slay Agamemnon, Achilles is visited by Athena to check his anger because that can alter the fate of the battle. In the Ramayana, gods never visited Ram when it came to him making a decision, it is only when he going to destroy heave that they visit him. The fate of Ram and Achilles is also predetermined in these epics, Achilles was meant to go to Troy and gain glory through its defeat.Rams fate was a little dissimilar though because in the Ramayana, Ram himself is an incarnation of Vishnu and he was born to kill Ravana. Both the warriors are gods in these epics but Ram in the Ramayana does not know that he is one. In both the Iliad and the Ramayana, there are injustice done to the heroes of the epic and it is through this injustice it is that these heroes gain glory and happiness. In the Ramayana, Ram is prince who is banished to the forest for 14 years and it is through this injustice that he recognizes his fate and kills Ravana.Ram is shown as a pure man in this epic and not an arrogant warrior who questions authority and disrespects his elder, Rams response to his injustice is not extreme and his acceptance of his fate his is not based on him wanting glory. In the Iliad, Achilles is shown as an arrogant warrior who detests authority and his reaction to his injustice is shown as him drawing his sword towards Agamemnon. The meaning of dharma and arete is also different in these two cultures, dharma is a sort of purity a person is trying to achieve through self-responsibility and purity whereas arete is an excellence a person is trying to achieve abilities.The Gods in these epics play a major part because they are the controlling forces and their choices can alter the ending of each of these epics, in the Iliad if Achilles would have killed Agamemnon and not been stopped by Athena than the epic would have ended differently. In the Ramayana if Ram had questioned the authority for his injustice than the epic would be different. In the Ram ayana virtue is shown through Rams eyes as being as pure as he can be and a happy life can be lived with nothingness. In the Iliad, virtue is shown through Achilless eyes gaining glory in the most toughest of wars and life without glory is incomplete.

My Personal and Professional Development Plan Essay

It is a journeying of the self to contemp deep either the happenings going on around. I digest imagine that I let r individuallyed the middle of the road with insure to my journey in life. I am at a time entering a overb hoar phase of my life. My graduation is almost heartfelt. I sacrifice to face the novel world in order for me to continue my journey on this earth. I believe when I get-go entered this university. I do not have friends before I also remember the times when I am zest for my parents. I miss them so much and because of my determination to study here(predicate), I managed to cope up with my new environment.I remember how I felt whenever Im al integrity. I also remember the hard times during my first day here. The way of life, the attitudes of the students and of course, the expectations from my instructors and professors gave me several(prenominal) intense get holding of being new to this university. still as days take backed I learned how to mingle w ith them and cope with my new environment. Now, the time is near to end my journey in this stage of my life. My journey in college is coming to an end. I am so excited to face a new period in my life. As I move on to my journey, I shootiness to spend time with my family and catch up with my friends.I emergency to go give away on a vacation where I can loosen up a bit. I am forgening to go to a place where I can relax and say of nothing that myself. By the time I graduate, I allow visit my family back in Brazil and I leave behind visit all the places that Ive been. This lead give me time to think just about my incoming on what path would I take. I ordain also visit my old friends to reconnect with them, and try to make love my vacation there. By the time I go back to work, I go out peck to it that I impart be promoted after five months. I forget instill in mind that I read to be promoted, this is my way in motivating myself to achieve what I have mean.I will also e nroll in a university to get a Masters degree. I plan to get a management degree because I insufficiency to have a managerial dress in my workplace. We spot for a fact that having a greater education gives you a chance to make do in the market that is, having a higher(prenominal) position in a company. I believe that the giving tasks, unique to each period and era of the large(p) life are intertwined with the issues and problems inherited from our childhood, and are negociate by dynamic pressure from socioeconomic and historical aspects of life from in spite of appearance the cultures and societies where we work.Helping put our adult lives back in balance with our inner resources, and understanding the contradictions and conflicts built into our life patterns between who we are and who we wish to be, between what we love and what we must do, between our very much clashing generatements this is often the task that underlies the resolution of psychological symptoms and s uffering. With these challenges in life, an separate learn to know himself/herself better and try to do more or lessthing about it.Each and all(prenominal) sensation of us has experienced this kind of situation and we try to solve it as soon as the problem arises. Going back to my previous papers I mentioned that I have been into sorrow but I think of positive thoughts to divert my attention and see to it that these challenges in my life will religious service me grow. I am grateful for the incidents in my life that I have experienced. It made me who I am a stronger woman. Forgetting and learning from your experiences, makes you more(prenominal) knowledgeable about realities of life. As mankind being, we have differences and similarities.Thus, according to Levinson, human life cycle is universal, yet each life is different that both sexes have originatemental histories to some extent unique to their own gender, but the overall pattern in the adult ontogeny. This follows the comparable organize of eras and alternating periods. expectant Development Theory helps us see more of our connectedness to the rest of life, principally through our experience of living within the limits of a relatively invariant, species- item life cycle, containing nevertheless within it, the seminal potential of unmarried variability (Kitrrell, 1998).My plan in achieving my polishs personal and professional I mentioned earlier that I first planned to graduate for me to get a decent job. In order for me to get a high grades I would have to keep in mind that nothing is more key than stopping point all the requirements needed for me to graduate. wiz of my mottos this school year was to graduate and find a job that will help me recruit my knowledge about my course. And time is near for me to accomplish my cultivation with regard to my education. One of my personal goals is to stick my profession and apply the knowledge that I have learned during my stay here at the Uni versity.I want to help others in courseing their own dreams. I want to have smooth relationships with my co-workers. I want them to know me better. In helping them with their tasks, they will also help me with mine. thus, my harvest-home with regard to personal and professional life go hand in hand, that is, i can develop my relationship with others by devising them my friends and at the same time, they help me enhance my professional growth devising good at my job. Doing your job is not good enough to say that you are growing professionally.An private needs a harmonious relationship with wad surrounding him/her to understand and do his/her work better. In it, the individual will not have any conflicts with his/her co-workers. S/he will be adroit and enjoys his/her tasks in the office. Adjustment is the key in making a harmonious relationship with others. It is actually important in work and also with personal life, rather than likability, meaning it is more important to inte ract within your co-workers than to impress them. If a person wants to impress others, s/he must communicate will with others s/he must mingle with them.In this way, s/he will be understood by them and they whitethorn help him/her in his/her endeavor in work. Being friends with your co-workers makes your work load more merriment and you will not feel the pressure in doing your assigned tasks. So, I must adjust to the people in my workplace and in the society that I belong. I will see to it that I will not have any conflict with them. I will befriend them to help me cope with the new environment that I enter. I will share my thoughts to them for them to understand me better and try to use it as an instrument in accepting me as part of their company.I also want promotion, so I am planning to have a higher education, I will enroll for masteral and at the same time do good in my work. I will attend conferences if necessary to help me chance on more credentials for the promotion that I want. I just want to achieve this in my first two years of work. After attending masterals, I plan to have my PhD to have a higher position in my recent workplace or maybe I can have a move move where I can remediate my ability and skills with regard to what I have studied. But before I achieve these goals, I will develop a clear and highly specific career goals and objectives for myself.I believe in the goodness and attainability of my goals I being accountable for the consequences that may come up. I will strive towards reaching my goals and dreams one day at a time. I see my career as a vehicle that will help me take my goals. I will commit myself emotionally and psychologically to turn my dreams into reality. But first, I need to focus on what I want to do, that is, to have a vacation for myself. I will plan my goals base on its attainabilityshort- and long-term goals. Second, I need to eliminate excuses for not moving forward toward my goals.I will put my career plan that maps out specific moves I can make toward my goals on a daily basis. From what I have found on my assessments, I now develop an awareness of what I want to do. devil years from now, I want to finish my Masters degree. Five years from now, I want to have a child and have a beautiful family of my own. And ten years from now I want to have a top position in a company and make a name in the business industry. My ideal job would enable me to grow personally and professionally. This job will help me enhance my ability and skills in communicating with others.As I graduate from this university, I will step-up for more formal education in order for me to attain my goal. We all know that having a higher education will give you a chance to compete on the job market. This way, I can mitigate my personality. Having a good job is not enough. I want to get more than what I have. At my recent job, I will try my best to do my job for me to be promoted. Being a CSR, I wont try arguing with unhappy customers. If I cant handle them, I better call my manager. I also want to receive feedback about my performance at work once a week.I will use these feedbacks to improve my work, and to be more efficient employee. I will use my resources to my advantage. Performance is a very important gene for every individual. It is created to assess individual action with regard to how s/he conducted his/her own acts. Interacting with others help soul assess his/her action on how and what should s/he do to act accordingly, that is, behaving in a direction where s/he is supposed to act. Each and every one of us is expected to act in every situation we encounter. An individual could maintain an ideal subroutine within the situation.As a student, I must study hard and do all my assignments to conform to the rules and regulations of the school. I must act as a student in order for me to perform my role as a student. By doing this, I learned how to assess my work according to the standards of th e University. The road to success Happiness is connected to personal forcefulness wherein you feel contentment within yourself. For me, personal effectiveness is doing what you want, getting yourself from where you are to where you want to be, that is, achieving what you want in life.Thus, it takes a lot of effort to say that an individual is successful in doing the things that s/he wants. shaping personal effectiveness is the same as how we adjust success. We individuals seek success being intertwined with pleasure. We can say that success is having the things that you wantearning money for yourself and your family, getting the highest paying job in town, having all the things that the world offers, and the likes. We define success with regard to tangible and intangible factors the materials that we use in determining success and the feeling that we feel inside in getting that success.As I mentioned in my previous paper, I defined happiness as a pleasurable satisfaction, a state of salubrious-being and contentmentbeing happy of what you have. rue is a way of depressing yourself of not getting what you want or doing what you should have done. Seeing my mistakes and my weaknesses enables me to improve my worth as an individual. This made me more effective citizen, student, daughter, friend and a partner. And I try to live one day at a time in order for me to achieve my goals in life. In this way, I can avoid myself of feeling too overwhelmed with my limits and emotions.I will be entering a new page in my life, as I go on with this great transition, I agnize that my experiences and the people around me have a great impact of who I am today and what will I be tomorrow. My future day depends on how I plan to go on with my lifemy future I can say that I am contented of what I have right now but I am not satisfied of where I am today. I want to search more of my world. I want to excel from my job and I plan to have a very good life, that is, being successful and all the people around me are happy with what they have, especially my family. front to graduation, I plan to have good, if not better grades.I want to make it better for me to realm a job that will help me earn enough money that is salary that will enhance my way of living. I dont want to have a failing mark. This will smooth my personality as individual. Failing mark authority I didnt do my best to pass my course. In order for me to achieve this, I will read all my reading assignments and complete all the requirements that are needed to be submitted. I will see to it that I will pass my replete(p) exam. I will love and enjoy my course and look at every single foot race as a challenge in making me more responsible individual.Taking responsibility in all your actions make an individual is more assertive of what s/he wants to achieve. My family is very important to my life, I want them to be happy with their own life and be successful with their chosen field. I want my moth er to be more understanding and I will see to it that she is happy right now. I want her to feel that we, her children love her very much. I want my family to be complete and witness my graduation. I want to share my achievement with them. They are my strength and joy. Without them, I cannot spank all the obstacles that came my way. They are the one whom I run to whenever I have a problem.They gave me good advices on how to handle my problems. Even though they are not with me, they are always here in my heart. Daniel Levinsons theory of adult emergence Adult development theory presents a vivid understanding of life cycle. Daniel Levinson worked out his theories of adult development in two landmark studies, Seasons of a Mans Life and Seasons of a Womans Life. He argues essentially that the adult portion of the human life span is carve up into three eras early, middle, and late adulthood. Each of these broad eras are themselves divided between entry or initial stages and ending or more-or-less stable stages.Think of the difference and quality of the life structure and goals of a 24 year old as compared with a 34 year old, and you will get a sense of the internal changes that occur within otherwise specific eras, i. e. , both a 24 year old and a 34 year old would be considered young adults within the Levinsonian perspective. The divisions between the life eras are marked by significant transitional periods that can last for some years. Life during these shifts can be seen as unsmooth or smooth, noisy or quiet, but the quality and significance of ones life commitments often change between the beginning and end of such periods.I chose this theory to plan my future because it enables me to think of the differences and similarities of characteristics between the two sexes and also to compare the experience of the adulthood with the late-adulthood stage and the other stages of life as discussed by Levinson. This theory reflects essential changes that adults underg o. Thus, it provides a clearer view of what reality is. This theory can be utilize in planning on with your life. It will make you aware of the things that you dont bother to know. This will help you analyze your work and performances as part of the society.This will enhance your knowledge about your role in the society. This will enable you to view things in a broader way, i. e. , having a positive outlook in life in entering the new phase of your life. This theory also presents a good understructure for understanding goal setting of individuals entering into particular adult stages (Minter & Samuel, 1998). If you know your goals, probably you will know where you are heading to. This perspective on adult development is important for us, adults to understand. This will enable us to resolve important transitional issues during the vital periods in our lives.Thus, each transitional period is needed so that changes in individuation and relationships are attained by concerned individu als (Wheeler-Scruggs, 2008). This model is created to promote individuation and build relationships among individuals that they may use in getting what they want in life. These changes bring greater sense of liberty and give a greater expression and achievement of ones self-potential (Wheeler-Scruggs, 2008). Thus, individuals go through the various stages and transitions in order for them to become more self-reliant.Its nature is focused on building characteristics that would help the individual attain his/her personal and professional goals. It is also used to create rapport with each and every individual concerned. This would help the individuals reach their goals. Building rapport is very important in making your goals attainable. If you communicate well with other, they will help you achieve your goals by giving you information that you need. For instance, as a CSR I need to build rapport to the customers for them to give a positive feedback in which they will be nice to me th us, making my work easy.And with regard to my co-workers, I need to build rapport for them to help me in my job, giving some advices if I experience some difficulties in my job. Thus, this will help each and every one to improve their work and at the same time develop personal relationships. As I have mentioned earlier, we need each other in order for us to grow. With the help of others, we will achieve the set goals we planned for ourselves. As I assess my performance, I see my potentials to be growing. These potentials include my leadership ability and interpersonal skills which I can use in communicating at work.I will try to develop my weaknesses into strengths for me to improve myself, personally and professionally. This will also be of help to us in communicating with each other. Every student must know that they need their teachers for them to gain knowledge and improve their way of thinking. The teachers may help their students in developing their potentials and skills which they will use in communicating with others, most especially with regard to their work. Conclusion After planning all my walks in life, I would like to slowly acquire my goal. I will stick to my plan.As I have said earlier, I want to achieve my goal one step at a time. I believe that all my plans are reachable. I divided my plans into two long-term goal and short-term goal. I would focus first on short-term goal to be promoted in my work, to have a vacation with my family in Brazil, to visit my friends, to extend my family by having a new French bulldog in my house, and to graduate and then work on to my long-term goals having a good life with my own family and for my mom to be happy with what we, her children have achieved in life, and be one of the best Psychologist in town.This assignment enables me to reflect on how I manage my life after graduation. I have learned that in order to succeed in life, an individual must look at all the aspects of life before planning his/her future , that is, reflecting on the experiences s/he had and planning the future. Thus, development means assessing your own life and making all the necessary steps to achieve my goals. I learned that in order to achieve your dreams, you must decide to for Utopia, which means going beyond the reach of the society until we overcome the obstacles that stand in our way.These obstacles include negativism, fear, depression, and the problems they create discouragement, economic stagnation, crime, drug dependency, family distrust, etc. At this moment in my life, I can say that I have achieved something for myselfovercoming the obstacles that came my way. This helped me have a positive outlook in life. Thus, I will prioritize myself, of what I want to do and where I want to go. Through this demonstrate I will know that I will be a successful psychologist someday. ReferencesKitrrell, D. (1998). A compare of the Evolution of Mens and Womens Dreams in Daniel Levinsons Theory of Adult Development. J ournal of Adult Development, 5(2), 105-115. Minter, L. E. & Samuel, C. A. (1998). The Impact of the Dream on Womens Experience of the Midlife Transition. Journal of Adult Development, 5(1), 31-43. Wheeler-Scruggs, K. S. (2008). Do Lesbians Differ from heterosexual Men and Women in Levinsonian Phases of Adult Development? Journal of Counseling & Development, 86(1), 39-46.

Costcp vs Sams Club

colloidal solution harms Price alliance emerged as the unchallenged leader in ingredient store retailing, with stores operating primarily on the West Coast. Although he originally conceived Price smart set as a place where small local aires could obtain needed swap at economical prices, Sol Price soon concluded that his fledgling operation could achieve far largeer gross sales volumes and gain buy clout with suppliers by too granting membership to individualsa conclusion that launched the deep displace storage w atomic number 18house golf club industry on a steep growth curve. Price golf-club was eventually merged with Costco in 1984.The same year, Walmart adopted the Wargonhouse alliance concept and launched its first surface-to-air missiles Club stores. The Club w arehouses typically have concrete tarradiddles, sparse decor, and goods displayed on pallets or simple wooden shelves. The Warehouse floor plans are designed for economy and efficiency in the use of sel ling space, in the handling of merchandise, and in the control of inventory. Warehouse transmission line Model Warehouse Clubs are big(p) box stores that sell groceries as well as general merchandise at humbleer costs The basic model is to reserve very(prenominal) low gear prices, sell high volumes, and maintain very high Operating efficiencies.The business foundation garment is that low prices on a limited selection of national brand merchandise and selected occult-label products in a wide range of merchandise categories produce high sales volume and rapid inventory turnover. on the whole latest warehouse Clubs operate down the stairs the following model (Refer realize 1) * low Profit margins. * minor prices * Limited selection (around 4000 items) * Wide range of merchandise categories (tires to baby wipes) acquires the rapid inventory turnover. * Volume get * efficient dispersion * reduced handling of merchandise * no-frills warehousesWarehouse Clubs comprise a ve ry big business opportunity and a menstruation market of 500B+ (including Costco $71B, surface-to-air missiles Club $54B, BJs $11B and Walmart SuperCenters $390B. ) There is a combined Membership base of more than 130 million paying members crossways the existing warehouse clubs who pay membership fees in exchange for the privilege of shopping at the warehouse clubs. The typical sales for each SKU is $12M per SKU at Costco and $10M per SKU. This allots them to order massive amounts from producers. Bulk packages sell larger quantities to consumers. The huge warehouse clubs go along the need for actual warehouses.At the same time, they reduce the need for handling. This greatly enhances distribution efficiency. Their large-scale membership base makes them strong. Figure 1 Warehouse Clubs are very popular with households with higher incomes(Refer Appendix C). Costco Background Costco was founded by Jim Sinegal and Seattle entrepreneur Jeff Brotman. The first Costco store began operations in Seattle in 1983. Costco Wholesale Corporation (Costco), with its subsidiaries operates membership warehouses that stretch forth its members low prices on a limited selection of mark and selected private-label products in a range of merchandise categories.By offering quality merchandise at a low price, they attract mostly affluent shoppers. Its typical membership profile is a relatively well heeled customer with an average yearly income of $75K. Costcos scheme is to sell quality items at low prices and to puddle a treasure hunt like zephyr with a set of variable famous brand items available at low prices each workweek that Its buyers had been able to procure. Costcos warehouse format averages round 141,000 square feet. Its warehouses operate on a seven-day, 69-hour week.It carries an average of approximately 3,600 active stock memory units (SKUs) per warehouse in its core warehouse business. Many consumable products are offered for sale only in case, carton, or multiple-pack quantities only. It operates warehouses existencewide including countries such as Mexico, UK, Japan, Taiwan, Korea and Australia. Costco and surface-to-air missiles Club are more corresponding than different. They have the same model. Costco is known as an Upscale Sams Club. Figure 2 Costco and Sams Club Comparison Memberships Offered Costco offers memberships in the following formats. Gold friend Member = $ 55 Business Member = $ 55 Exe pull downive Member = $ 110Membership fees combined with its high member count (64M), allow Costco to maintain low prices. Sams Club Background Sams Club is stop of the 3700 stores Walmart drawing string. Walmart followed Costco into the warehouse club business and the first Sams Club store was opened in 1984. Sams Club has more products than Costco, but is smaller than Costco in total revenues. Wal-Mart blood lines, Inc. (Walmart) operates retail stores in various formats around globally. Everyday low prices (EDLP) is the Compan ys pricing philosophy under, which it price items at a low price everyday. The Companys operates in three business segments the Walmart U.S. segment, the Walmart International segment, and the Sams Club segment. Its Sams Club segment consists of membership warehouse clubs operated in the United States as well as countries such as Africa, Brazil, China and Mexico. Sams Club primary focus was Small Businesses until 2006. Currently, it targets all consumers, including small business. Many Sams Club placements are adjacent to Wal-Mart Supercenters. The concept of the Sams Club format is to sell merchandise at very low improvement margins, resulting in low prices to members. Membership Offered Advantage Member = $35 Business Member = $ 40 Plus Member = $ 100Membership cost slight than Costco. Sams in like manner has less(prenominal) members (48M versus 64M) Competition and Market Position of Rivals Sams Club has slightly more locations than Costco, but has boilers suit lower revenue s. This is due to Costcos larger number of members and higher sales per customer per location. Costco maintains low margins of less than 15% on each item as a strategy, to offer low prices to its members. In the discount warehouse retail segment, there are three main competitorsCostco Wholesale, Sams Club and BJs Wholesale Club. At the end of 2012, there were just over 1,200 warehouse locations across the United States and Canada.Figure 3 Market Positions of rival Warehouse Clubs Key Ratios stock turnover is an important metric in the sweeping club industry. Costco has the highest inventory turnover, but Sams Club and BJs, both are close. Costco has the lowest profit margin, due a junto of factors, including the high pay and benefits, it offers its employees. Figure 4 Key Ratios Comparison across Functional Areas We believe bring out Chain can non be looked in isolation and it involves human capital, use of instruction technology and Marketing. We compared Costco and Sams Club a cross 5 broad functional heavenss. We did not go deeply into the Finance area.Broadly, we found that warehouse clubs including Costco and Sams Club preferred to buy the real(a) estate and buildings rather than lease it. 1) Human Capital two warehouse clubs chose to * Promote from within * ap tip Warehouse Manager. 2) culture engineering science. Both warehouse clubs leverage technology to drive efficiencies and lower cost 3) scattering and publish Chain Both clubs broadly try to optimize and drive efficiencies in their distribution and tot up chain processes. * Cross-dock, Planning and Forecasting, VMI. 4) Marketing Both do not spend as much on marketing. * Little to No marketing 5) Finance Own versus Lease of real-estate and buildings Even though the warehouse clubs are more similar than they different, differences do exist We will go by means of each functional area in more detail. 1) Human Capital Costco Employees are the highest paid in the industry with good benefits. They are well treated and are highly motivated. Costco covers 82% of its employers for health insurance compared to only 47% by Sams Club Human Capital Advantage Costco Costco is able to derive more benefits from keeping its employees happy. Costco has a higher sales per employee, Higher sales per store as well as a higher sales per SKU than Sams Club.This is clearly due to its highly motivated workforce. 2) Information Technology Both the warehouse Clubs are able to derive benefits of tracking membership information and sales associated with members through the use of their IT systems. This allows them to effectively track and predict/forecast seasonal demand information. Since all customers must snare card when checking out, clubs know exactly who is buying what. Costco uses information technology to connect all its warehouse locations to corporeal HQ. It yields real time information and the effective use of its inventory and control systems.It has outsourced 75% of its IT dep artment to an India location and built effective interfaces from Costco. com to UPS and Fedex to facilitate shipping. Costco has also tried to reduce operating costs through step-down in energy consumption. It has incorporated skylights in all warehouses and solar panel in 40 of the warehouses. It has also incorporated an extensive Recycling Program. Sams Club uses information technology more effectively due to Walmarts support. It is able to leverage Walmarts size and scale to its advantage. It uses a satellite system to collect info and observer merchandize flow.Wal Marts satellite network sends point of sale (POS) data directly to 4,000 vendors. It also has very strong system that support the CPFR process and allow for collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment with its suppliers. Information Technology Advantage Walmart Sams Club Figure 5. CPFR process(Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment 3) Distribution and Supply Chain Costco and Sams Club both us e Cross docking (Refer figure 6 below) to derive efficiencies. Merchandise is shipped directly from manufacturing businesss to Warehouse. This allows them to eliminate multi-step distribution channels and thus lower costs.Goods in destination are distributed within 24 hours. Merchandise is placed right on the sales floor, typically above. Both leverage their large scale operations to get lowest prices from Manufacturers / Suppliers. Warehouse Manager has decision do to run each individual warehouse as a Investment Center. No one manufacturer supplied a significant percentage of the merchandise that warehouses stocked and management believed that if one or more of its current sources of supply became unavailable, the company could switch its purchases to alternative manufacturers without experiencing a substantial disruption of its business.Costco Supply Chain Costco has 9 cross-docking distribution centers and has direct buying relationships with many producers of national brand-n ame merchandise (including Canon, Casio, Coca-Cola, Colgate-Palmolive, Dell, Fuji, Hewlett-Packard, Kimberly-Clark, Kodak, Levi Strauss, Michelin, Nestle, Panasonic, Procter amp Gamble, Samsung, Sony, KitchenAid, and Jones of New York) and with manufacturers that supplied its Kirkland Signature products. Sams Club Supply ChainApproximately two- trinitys of the merchandise at Sams Club was shipped from the divisions own distribution facilities and, in the case of perishable items, from some of Wal-Marts grocery distribution centers the commensurateness was shipped by suppliers direct to Sams Club locations. Like Costco, Sams Club distribution centers employed cross-docking techniques whereby submission shipments were transferred immediately to outgoing trailers destined for Sams Club locations.The Sams Club distribution center network consisted of 7 company owned and operated distribution facilities, 13 third party owned and operated facilities(3PLs), and 2 third party owned and op erated import distribution centers. A combination of company owned trucks and independent trucking companies were used to transport merchandise from distribution centers to club locations. Sams Club has vendor Managed Inventory(VMI) relationships with many of its large suppliers such as PampG, GE and Wrangler. Sams Club due to its relationship with Walmart is very strong in the Distribution and Supply Chain and is very efficient.It also has a practice of dealing with only Manufacturers. * Costco Strengths * Buyers scour the business world to find overstock brand items that can be sold at a discount to create a Treasure Hunt atmosphere. * Sams Club Strengths * leverages large Walmart Hub and Spoke Distribution Network. * Vendor Managed Inventory(VMI) relationships with many suppliers such as Wrangler, PampG and GE. * Deals only with Direct Manufacturers. Supply Chain systems Advantage Walmart Sams Club. What is cross docking?Cross-docking is a practice in logistics of unloading mate rials from an incoming semi-trailer truck or railroad car and loading these materials directly into outbound trucks, trailers, or rail cars, with slim or no storage in between. This may be done to change type of conveyance, to manner material intended for different destinations, or to combine material from different origins into transport vehicles (or containers) with the same, or similar destination. Hub and spoke are arrangements, where materials are brought in to one central location and then sorted for address to a variety of destinations.Figure 6 Cross-docking What is Vendor Managed Inventory(VMI) Vendor Managed Inventory(VMI) is a means of optimizing Supply Chain work in which the manufacturer is responsible for maintaining the distributors inventory levels. The manufacturer has access to the distributors inventory data and is responsible for generating purchase orders. Please refer Figure 7 To further stipulate it, lets look at 2 business models (Refer Figure 8) Under th e typical business model (Purchase Order driven) When a distributor needs product, they place an order against a manufacturer.The distributor is in total control of the timing and size of the order being placed. The distributor maintains the inventory plan. Vendor Managed Inventory model (Demand driven) The manufacturer receives electronic data (usually via EDI or the internet) that tells him the distributors sales and stock levels. The manufacturer can view every item that the distributor carries as well as true point of sale data. The manufacturer is responsible for creating and maintaining the inventory plan. Under VMI, the manufacturer generates the order*, not the distributor. Note VMI does not change the ownership of inventory. It remains as it did prior to VMI. Figure 7 Vendor Managed Inventory Figure 8 Demand driven (Vendor Managed Inventory) versus Purchase Order driven system. 4) Marketing Advertising Costco limits its advertising to cut marketing cost. Both warehouse clu bs are engaged in direct mailing to potential and current consumers But Costco does not have a PR department and believes the most effective advertisement is line. Sams Club does advertise and through television and Cable media.Marketing Advantage Costco Known for its great customer satisfaction and service. High Customer Loyalty(87% renewal rate. ) Vertical Integration and Alternative Sales bring Both the warehouse have created their own private labels and rely on other manufacturers and suppliers to manufacturer their products and provide top quality at a low price. Costcos private label is branded under the Kirkland Signature brand which is considered as a quality brand. Sams Clubs have several private labels such as Members Mark, Artisan Fresh, Daily Chef and Simply Right.Costco and Sams Club , both have websites, which allow them to sell products that are typical not in the warehouse. It also allow them to sell services such as insurance and travel which leverages the compani es information technology rather than the physical supply chain. Alternative services offered * Consumer Services * Travel * Optical * Automotive * Financial Services * 401(K) * Loans * amends * Pharmacy * Recycle electronics Conclusion Costco Wins Round One , but the Battle Continues. Costco has 64 million very loyal members and is known as a provider of top quality merchandise at low prices.Its buyers are able to scour the world to get acquire overstocked premium goods at low prices to create a treasure hunt atmosphere in its warehouses. It private label is considered a premium branded product that has top quality. Its employees are exceptional and Costco has a high performance workforce. * Best-Cost Provider * 64 million very loyal members * Top-quality merchandise * Low price * Treasure-hunt items * Kirkland Signature * Top-quality in-house brand * surpassing employees * Economies of Scale Appendix A Savings for Members Warehouse Clubs offered low prices in analogy to super markets.A sample comparison of frequent buys at Costco versus a local grocery store is attached. Costco price for the list is $171. Grocery Store price is $538, a savings of $367. Appendix B Porters Five forces (Warehouse Clubs) Appendix C Warehouses Popular with families with higher income Appendix D Costco derives value from paying its employees more Appendix E Costco and Sams Club Websites Appendix F References WAL MART STORES INC (Form 10-K). WAL MART STORES INC (Form 10-K, true 03-27-2012) COSTCO WHOLESALE CORP -NEW (Form 10-K, Received 10-14-2011) Costco Deploys EnFlexA? EWebConnect for Enterprise Facility Information Management EnergyVortex. Costco Deploys EnFlexA? s EWebConnect for Enterprise Facility Information Management. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. <http//www. energyvortex. com/pages/headlinedetails. cfm? id=1003>. measuring stick&Poor(S&P) Report on Costco and Walmart Corporation. Reuters Report on Costco and Walmart Corporation Distribution br ing and Logistics. Distribution Channels and Logistics. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. <http//www. consumerpsychologist. com/intro_Distribution. html>. Consumer Reports Costco and Sams Club. Received 10-27-2011